جاكسون بولوك

Jackson Pollock
Jackson Pollock
	Photographer Hans Namuth extensively documented Pollock's unique painting techniques.
وُلِدَ	Paul Jackson Pollock; يناير 28, 1912; Cody, Wyoming, U.S.
توفي	أغسطس 11, 1956 (aged 44); Springs, New York, U.S.
التعليم	Art Students League of New York
اللقب	Painting
الحركة	Abstract expressionism
الزوج	Lee Krasner (m. 1945)
الراعي	Peggy Guggenheim

پول جاكسون بولوك (Jackson Pollock ؛ /ˈpɒlək/؛ 28 يناير 1912 - 11 أغسطس 1956)، رسام أمريكي له تأثيره الكبير في فن الرسم الحديث، باعتباره شخصية رائدة في الحركة التعبيرية التجريدية. ابتدع بولوك أسلوبًا للرسم يمكن عن طريقه تقطير نقط الألوان على قطع الخيش الكبيرة في سبيل تشكيل أنماط إيقاعية تبدو وكأنها متقاطعة عرضيًا مع نسيج السطح.

كان بولوك يرسم وقماشه على الأرض، وكان يقول "أشعر أنني أقرب، وأنني جزء من الرسم. بهذه الطريقة، يمكنني أن أمشي حول الرسم، وأعمل من جوانبه الأربعة، وأن أكون بالمعنى الحرفي في داخل الرسم". هذا الاتجاه الخاص، بأن يكون الفنان داخل الرسم نفسه، إنما يشكل سمة عامة من سمات التعبيرية التجريدية.

ولد بولوك في كودي، وايومنگ بالولايات المتحدة، ودرس مع توماس هارت بنتون في جمعية طلاب الفن، بمدينة نيويورك.

ثم اشتغل في مشروع الفن الفدرالي من 1938 إلى 1942. استخدم بولوك في رسوماته أسلوبًا تعبيريًا رمزيًا قبل أن يتحول إلى أسلوب تجريدي خالص في أواخر الأربعينيات. وفي أعماله الأخيرة، عاد بولوك إلى بعض الإشارات المجازية التي ظهرت في أعماله الأولى، ثم وَحَّدَ بينها وبين الأشكال الانسيابية التي تطورت من خلال تقنية السكب، والتنقيط باستخدام العصا بدلاً من الفرشاة.

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أعمال

Pollock's studio-floor in Springs, New York, visual result of being his primary painting surface from 1946 until 1953
Pollock, 1953, 'The Deep', painting; in Centre Pompidou, Paris

قائمة الأعمال الرئيسية

Number 1, 1950 (Lavender Mist), National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.

(1942) Male and Female Philadelphia Museum of Art^[1]
(1942) Stenographic Figure Museum of Modern Art^[2]
(1942) The Moon Woman Peggy Guggenheim Collection^[3]
(1943) Mural University of Iowa Museum of Art,^[4] given by Peggy Guggenheim^[5]
(1943) The She-Wolf Museum of Modern Art^[6]
(1943) Blue (Moby Dick) Ohara Museum of Art^[7]
(1945) Night Mist Norton Gallery of Art^[8]
(1945) Troubled Queen Museum of Fine Arts, Boston^[9]
(1946) Eyes in the Heat Peggy Guggenheim Collection, Venice^[10]
(1946) The Key Art Institute of Chicago^[11]
(1946) The Tea Cup Collection Frieder Burda^[12]
(1946) Shimmering Substance, from The Sounds In The Grass Museum of Modern Art^[13]
(1947) Portrait of H.M. University of Iowa Museum of Art, given by Peggy Guggenheim.^[14]
(1947) Full Fathom Five Museum of Modern Art^[15]
(1947) Cathedral Dallas Museum of Art^[16]
(1947) Enchanted Forest Peggy Guggenheim Collection^[17]
(1947) Lucifer The Anderson Collection at Stanford University^[18]
(1948) Painting^[19]
(1948) Number 5 (4 ft x 8 ft) Private collection
(1948) Number 8- Neuburger Museum at the State University of New York at Purchase.
(1948) Number 13A: Arabesque- At Yale University Art Gallery in New Haven, Connecticut.
(1948) Composition (White, Black, Blue and Red on White) New Orleans Museum of Art^[20]
(1948) Summertime: Number 9A Tate Modern
(1948) "Number 19"^[21]
(1949) Number 1 Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles^[22]
(1949) Number 3 Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, Washington, DC
(1949) Number 10 Museum of Fine Arts, Boston^[23]
(1949) Number 11 Indiana University Art Museum Bloomington, Indiana^[24]
(1950) Number 1, 1950 (Lavender Mist) National Gallery of Art^[25]
(1950) Mural on Indian red ground, 1950 Tehran Museum of Contemporary Art^[26]
(1950) Autumn Rhythm (Number 30), 1950 Metropolitan Museum of Art^[27]
(1950) Number 29, 1950 National Gallery of Canada^[28]
(1950) Number 32, Kunstsammlung Nordrhein-Westfalen, Düsseldorf, BRD^[29]
(1950) One: Number 31, 1950 Museum of Modern Art^[30]^[31]
(1951) Number 7 National Gallery of Art^[32]
(1951) Black and White (Number 6) San Francisco Museum of Modern Art
(1952) Convergence Albright-Knox Art Gallery^[33]
(1952) Blue Poles: No. 11, 1952 National Gallery of Australia^[34]
(1952) Number 12, 1952 Governor Nelson A. Rockefeller Empire State Plaza Art Collection^[35]
(1953) Portrait and a Dream Dallas Museum of Art^[36]
(1953) Easter and the Totem The Museum of Modern Art^[37]
(1953) Ocean Greyness Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum^[38]
(1953) The Deep Centre Georges Pompidou^[39]^[40]

المراجع

^ "Male and Female" (jpeg). ibiblio.org.
^ "Stenographic Figure" (jpeg). ibiblio.org.
^ "Collection Online". guggenheim.org. January 1942.
^ "UIMA: Mural". Uiowa.edu. Retrieved August 30, 2009.
^ University of Iowa Museum of Art (July 1, 2012). "Pollock's "Mural" Moves to the Getty for a Makeover!". UIMA. Archived from the original on March 12, 2013. Retrieved March 26, 2013.
^ "The She-Wolf" (jpeg). ibiblio.org.
^ "Blue (Moby Dick)" (jpeg). ibiblio.org.
^ "Norton Museum of Art | History".
^ "Troubled Queen". mfa.org. Archived from the original on 2007-03-10.
^ "Collection Online". guggenheim.org. January 1946.
^ "The Key" (jpeg). ibiblio.org.
^ "The Tea Cup" (jpeg). ibiblio.org.
^ "Shimmering Substance" (jpeg). ibiblio.org.
^ "Portrait of H.M." digital.lib.uiowa.edu.
^ "Full Fathom Five" (jpeg). ibiblio.org.
^ "Jackson Pollock - Painting - Cathedral". Beatmuseum.org. Retrieved August 30, 2009.
^ "Collection Online". guggenheim.org. January 1947.
^ Baker, Kenneth (June 14, 2011). "Anderson Gallery a major art donation to Stanford". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
^ "Painting". centrepompidou.fr. Archived from the original (jpeg) on 2006-03-18.
^ "New Orleans Museum of Art Educational Guide" (PDF). noma.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-07-03.
^ France-Presse, Agence. "Jackson Pollock work "Number 19, 1948" sells for record $58.4 million at Christie's More Information (Copyright © artdaily.org)". Artdaily.org. Retrieved 18 May 2013.
^ "Number 1". moca.org.
^ "Number 10". mfa.org. Archived from the original on 2007-03-19.
^ "Indiana University Art Museum Learning to Look educational web module".
^ "Number 1, 1950 (Lavender Mist)" (jpeg). ibiblio.org.
^ "Mural on indian red ground, 1950". artcyclopedia.com. Archived from the original on 2012-07-18.
^ "Autumn Rhythm (Number 30)". The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Retrieved August 30, 2009.
^ "Artist Page: Jackson Pollock". Cybermuse.gallery.ca. Archived from the original on 2009-05-05. Retrieved August 30, 2009.
^ "Jackson Pollock: Number 32, 1950". artchive.com.
^ "One: Number 31, 1950". MoMA. Retrieved August 30, 2009.
^ A Pollock Restored, a Mystery Revealed May 27, 2013 NYT
^ "Number 7, 1951 - Image". Nga.gov. Archived from the original on May 6, 2009. Retrieved August 30, 2009.
^ "Convergence". albrightknox.org. Archived from the original on 2006-11-15.
^ "Blue poles". Nga.gov.au. Retrieved August 30, 2009.
^ "Empire State Plaza Art Collection".
^ Jones, Jonathan (July 5, 2003). "Portrait and a Dream". The Guardian. London. Retrieved August 30, 2009.
^ "Easter and the Totem" (jpeg). ibiblio.org.
^ "Ocean Greyness". Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum: Collection Online. January 1953.
^ Jackson Pollock. "The Deep - Jackson Pollock - WikiArt.org". wikipaintings.org.
^ "Jackson Pollock: The Deep". artchive.com.

للاستزادة

Herskovic, Marika (2009). American Abstract and Figurative Expressionism Style Is Timely Art Is Timeless An Illustrated Survey With Artists' Statements, Artwork and Biographies. New York School Press. pp. 127, 196–9. ISBN 978-0-9677994-2-1. OCLC 298188260.
Herskovic, Marika (2003). American Abstract Expressionism of the 1950s An Illustrated Survey. New York School Press. pp. 262–5. ISBN 978-0-9677994-1-4. OCLC 50253062.
Herskovic, Marika (2000). New York School Abstract Expressionists Artists Choice by Artists. New York School Press. pp. 18, 38, 278–81. ISBN 978-0-9677994-0-7. OCLC 50666793.
Karmel, Pepe; Varnedoe, Kirk, eds. (1999). Jackson Pollock: Key Interviews, Articles and Reviews. Museum of Modern Art. ISBN 978-0-87070-037-8.
Varnedoe, Kirk; Karmel, Pepe (1998). Jackson Pollock: Essays, Chronology, and Bibliography. Exhibition catalog. New York: The Museum of Modern Art. ISBN 978-0-87070-069-9.
O'Connor, Francis V. (1967). Jackson Pollock [exhibition catalogue]. New York: Museum of Modern Art. OCLC 165852.
Taylor, Richard; Micolich, Adam; Jonas, David (October 1999). "Fractal Expressionism". Physics World. Archived from the original on 2012-08-05. Retrieved 2015-09-18.
Naifeh, Steven; Smith, Gregory White (1989). Jackson Pollock: an American saga. Clarkson N. Potter. ISBN 978-0-517-56084-6.
Smith, Roberta (February 15, 2002). "Art in Review". The New York Times.
mcah.columbia.edu

المصادر

http://mousou3a.educdz.com/0/010480_1.htm

وصلات خارجية

Exhibition-'Memories Arrested' 2012
Pollock-Krasner House and Study Center
Pollock-Krasner Foundation
Pollock and The Law
National Gallery of Art web feature, includes highlights of Pollock's career, numerous examples of his work, photographs and motion footage of Pollock, plus an in-depth discussion of his 1950 painting Lavender Mist
Blue Poles at the NGA
Fractal Expressionism – the fractal qualities of Pollock's drip paintings.
Jackson Pollock Papers at the Smithsonian's Archives of American Art
"Jackson Pollock, John Cage and William Burroughs", talk at MOMA
pictures of Pollock, slideshow Life Magazine
Works by Jackson Pollock (public domain in Canada)

روابط المتاحف

قالب:Jackson Pollock

[1] "Male and Female" (jpeg). ibiblio.org.

[2] "Stenographic Figure" (jpeg). ibiblio.org.

[3] "Collection Online". guggenheim.org. January 1942.

[4] "UIMA: Mural". Uiowa.edu. Retrieved August 30, 2009.

[blogspot1-5] University of Iowa Museum of Art (July 1, 2012). "Pollock's "Mural" Moves to the Getty for a Makeover!". UIMA. Archived from the original on March 12, 2013. Retrieved March 26, 2013.

[6] "The She-Wolf" (jpeg). ibiblio.org.

[7] "Blue (Moby Dick)" (jpeg). ibiblio.org.

[8] "Norton Museum of Art | History".

[9] "Troubled Queen". mfa.org. Archived from the original on 2007-03-10.

[10] "Collection Online". guggenheim.org. January 1946.

[11] "The Key" (jpeg). ibiblio.org.

[12] "The Tea Cup" (jpeg). ibiblio.org.

[13] "Shimmering Substance" (jpeg). ibiblio.org.

[14] "Portrait of H.M." digital.lib.uiowa.edu.

[15] "Full Fathom Five" (jpeg). ibiblio.org.

[16] "Jackson Pollock - Painting - Cathedral". Beatmuseum.org. Retrieved August 30, 2009.

[17] "Collection Online". guggenheim.org. January 1947.

[18] Baker, Kenneth (June 14, 2011). "Anderson Gallery a major art donation to Stanford". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved 2011-06-14.

[19] "Painting". centrepompidou.fr. Archived from the original (jpeg) on 2006-03-18.

[20] "New Orleans Museum of Art Educational Guide" (PDF). noma.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-07-03.

[Artdaily-21] France-Presse, Agence. "Jackson Pollock work "Number 19, 1948" sells for record $58.4 million at Christie's More Information (Copyright © artdaily.org)". Artdaily.org. Retrieved 18 May 2013.

[22] "Number 1". moca.org.

[23] "Number 10". mfa.org. Archived from the original on 2007-03-19.

[24] "Indiana University Art Museum Learning to Look educational web module".

[25] "Number 1, 1950 (Lavender Mist)" (jpeg). ibiblio.org.

[26] "Mural on indian red ground, 1950". artcyclopedia.com. Archived from the original on 2012-07-18.

[27] "Autumn Rhythm (Number 30)". The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Retrieved August 30, 2009.

[28] "Artist Page: Jackson Pollock". Cybermuse.gallery.ca. Archived from the original on 2009-05-05. Retrieved August 30, 2009.

[29] "Jackson Pollock: Number 32, 1950". artchive.com.

[30] "One: Number 31, 1950". MoMA. Retrieved August 30, 2009.

[31] A Pollock Restored, a Mystery Revealed May 27, 2013 NYT

[32] "Number 7, 1951 - Image". Nga.gov. Archived from the original on May 6, 2009. Retrieved August 30, 2009.

[33] "Convergence". albrightknox.org. Archived from the original on 2006-11-15.

[34] "Blue poles". Nga.gov.au. Retrieved August 30, 2009.

[35] "Empire State Plaza Art Collection".

[36] Jones, Jonathan (July 5, 2003). "Portrait and a Dream". The Guardian. London. Retrieved August 30, 2009.

[37] "Easter and the Totem" (jpeg). ibiblio.org.

[38] "Ocean Greyness". Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum: Collection Online. January 1953.

[39] Jackson Pollock. "The Deep - Jackson Pollock - WikiArt.org". wikipaintings.org.

[40] "Jackson Pollock: The Deep". artchive.com.

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