گريگوري پرلمان

گريگوري پرلمان Grigori Perelman
وُلِدَ	13 يونيو 1966 لنينگراد، روسيا ج.ا.ا.س، الاتحاد السوڤيتي
المدرسة الأم	جامعة لنينگراد
اللقب	هندسة ريمانية وطوبولوجيا هندسية
الجوائز	وسام فيلدز (2006), وامتنع عن جائزة الألفية (2010)
السيرة العلمية
المجالات	الرياضيات
المشرف على الدكتوراه	Aleksandr Aleksandrov Yuri Burago

گريگوري يكوڤليڤتش پرلمان (روسية: Григо́рий Я́ковлевич Перельма́н) (و. 13 يونيو 1966), ويعرف أحيانا باسم گريشا پرلمان، هو رياضياتي روسي وله إسهامات مميزة في مجال Riemannian geometry وgeometric topology. في 2010، تمكن پرلمان من حل القضية الرياضية المعروفة باسم حدسية پوانكاريه المعقدة بشكل. وكنتيجة لذلك رشح لنيل جائزة Fields Medal (وسام فيلدز) وجائزة قيمتها مليون دولار، ولكنه رفضها مبرراً ذلك بأنه لم يشعر يوماً بأنه ينتمي إلى هذا المجتمع، حتى بعد المحاولات المضنية من جون بول، رئيس الاتحاد الدولي للرياضيات.

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 الحياة المبكرة والتعليم

 المشكلة

المقالة الرئيسية: حدسية پوانكاراي

 إثبات پرلمان

المقالة الرئيسية: حل حدسية پوانكاراي

 بيبليوگرافيا

أطروحات

• Перельман, Григорий Яковлевич (1990). Седловые поверхности в евклидовых пространствах: Автореф. дис. на соиск. учен. степ. канд. физ.-мат. наук (in Russian). Ленинградский Государственный Университет.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)

أبحاث

• Burago, Yu. D.; Gromov, M. L.; Perelman, G. Ya. (1992). "Aleksandrov spaces with curvatures bounded below". Russian Math Surveys. 47 (2): 1–58. doi:10.1070/RM1992v047n02ABEH000877.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
• Perelman, G. (1993). "Construction of manifolds of positive Ricci curvature with big volume and large Betti numbers" (PDF). Comparison Geometry. 30: 157–163. Retrieved 2006-08-23.
• Perelman, G. (1994). "Proof of the soul conjecture of Cheeger and Gromoll" (PDF). J. Differential Geom. 40 (1): 209–212. قالب:MR.
• Perelman, G. (1994). "Elements of Morse theory on Aleksandrov spaces". St. Petersbg. Math. J. (in Russian). 5 (1): 205–213.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
• Perelman, G. Ya. (1994). "Extremal subsets in Alexandrov spaces and the generalized Liberman theorem". Saint Petersburg Math. J. (in Russian). 5 (1): 215–227. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)

Proof of the geometrization conjecture

• Perelman, Grisha (11 November 2002). "The entropy formula for the Ricci flow and its geometric applications". قالب:Arxiv. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
• Perelman, Grisha (10 March 2003). "Ricci flow with surgery on three-manifolds". قالب:Arxiv. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
• Perelman, Grisha (17 July 2003). "Finite extinction time for the solutions to the Ricci flow on certain three-manifolds". قالب:Arxiv. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

كتب عن برلمان

• Masha Gessen (2009). Perfect Rigor: A Genius and the Mathematical Breakthrough of the Century. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p. 256. ISBN 978-0151014064. Story of Grigory Perelman based on information from people who interacted with him.

 انظر أيضاً

• Alexander Grothendieck
• Homology sphere
• "Manifold Destiny" (On The New Yorker article)
• Soul theorem
• Uniformization theorem
• Asteroid 50033 Perelman

 الهوامش

• Anderson, M.T. 2005. Singularities of the Ricci flow. Encyclopedia of Mathematical Physics, Elsevier. (Comprehensive exposition of Perelman's insights that lead to complete classification of 3-manifolds)
• The Associated Press, "Russian may have solved great math mystery". CNN. 1 July 2004. {{cite news}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); External link in |title= (help)
• Cao, Huai-Dong (2006). "A Complete Proof of the Poincaré and Geometrization Conjectures - application of the Hamilton-Perelman theory of the Ricci flow" (PDF). Asian Journal of Mathematics. 10 (2). {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help) Erratum. Revised version (December 2006): Hamilton-Perelman's Proof of the Poincaré Conjecture and the Geometrization Conjecture
• Collins, Graham P. (2004). "The Shapes of Space". Scientific American (July): 94–103.
• Jackson, Allyn (2006). "Conjectures No More? Consensus Forming on the Proof of the Poincaré and Geometrization Conjectures" (PDF). Notices of the AMS. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
• Kleiner, Bruce (25 May 2006). "Notes on Perelman's papers". قالب:Arxiv. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
• Kusner, Rob. "Witnesses to Mathematical History Ricci Flow and Geometry" (PDF). Retrieved 2006-08-22. (an account of Perelman's talk on his proof at MIT; pdf file; also see Sugaku Seminar 2003-10 pp 4–7 for an extended version in Japanese)
• Lobastova, Nadejda (20 August 2006). "World's top maths genius jobless and living with mother". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 2006-08-24. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
• Morgan, John W. (25 July 2006). "Ricci Flow and the Poincaré Conjecture". قالب:Arxiv. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
• Mullins, Justin (22 August 2006). "Prestigious Fields Medals for mathematics awarded". New Scientist.
• Nasar, Sylvia (21 August 2006). "Manifold Destiny: A legendary problem and the battle over who solved it". The New Yorker. Retrieved 2006-08-24. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
• Overbye, Dennis (15 August 2006). "An Elusive Proof and Its Elusive Prover". The New York Times. Retrieved 2006-08-15.
• Randerson, James (16 August 2006). "Meet the cleverest man in the world (who's going to say no to a $1m prize)". The Guardian.
• Robinson, Sara (15 April 2003). "Russian Reports He Has Solved a Celebrated Math Problem". The New York Times. {{cite news}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); External link in |title= (help)
• Schecter, Bruce (17 July 2004). "Taming the fourth dimension". New Scientist. 183 (2456).
• Weeks, Jeffrey R. (2002). The Shape of Space. New York: Marcel Dekker. ISBN 0-8247-0709-5. (The author is a former Ph.D. student of Bill Thurston.)
• Weisstein, Eric (15 April 2004). "Poincaré Conjecture Proved--This Time for Real". Mathworld. Retrieved 2006-08-22.

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 وصلات خارجية

• گريگوري پرلمان at the Mathematics Genealogy Project
• Fields Medals awarded at the 2006 IMU
• International Congress of Mathematicians 2006
• Perelman's arXiv eprints (link to APS mirror due to server strain on arxiv.org re Perelman)
• Staff listing for Perelman at Petersburg Department of Steklov Institute of Mathematics
• Mathematics & Mechanics Faculty of Saint Petersburg State University
• Petersburg Department of Steklov Institute of Mathematics
• Notes and commentary on Perelman's Ricci flow papers
• International Mathematical Olympiad 1982 (Budapest, Hungary)
• Maths solution tops science class (Link to BBC News page)
• Breakthrough Of The Year: The Poincaré Conjecture--Proved
• Perelman refuses a million dollars to live in complete poverty
• ICM 2006 Video Presentation