حطام (جيولوجيا)
حطام ( Detritus ؛ /dəˈtraɪtəs/; adj. detrital /dəˈtraɪtəl/) is particles of rock derived from pre-existing rock through weathering and erosion.[1] A fragment of detritus is called a clast.[2] Detrital particles can consist of lithic fragments (particles of recognisable rock), or of monomineralic fragments (mineral grains). These particles are often transported through sedimentary processes into depositional systems such as riverbeds, lakes or the ocean, forming sedimentary successions. Diagenetic processes can transform these sediments into rock through cementation and lithification, forming sedimentary rocks such as sandstone. These rocks can then in turn again be weathered and eroded to form a second generation of sediment. Detrital grains commonly weather at different rates, according to the Goldich dissolution series, which dictates that early crystallizing minerals are less stable at the earth's surface than late crystallizing minerals.[3]
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المراجع
- ^ Essentials of Geology, 3rd Ed, Stephen Marshak, p G-7
- ^ Essentials of Geology, 3rd Ed, Stephen Marshak, p G-5
- ^ Goldich, Samuel S. (1938-01-01). "A Study in Rock-Weathering". The Journal of Geology. 46 (1): 17–58. Bibcode:1938JG.....46...17G. doi:10.1086/624619. ISSN 0022-1376. S2CID 128498195.