خروديم

خروديم

Chrudim
خروديم Chrudim
بلدة
	Resselovo Square
	Flag Coat of arms
	خروديم الموقع في جمهورية التشيك
	الإحداثيات: 49°57′4″N 15°47′44″E / 49.95111°N 15.79556°E
البلد	التشيك
المنطقة	پاردوبيتسه
المقاطعة	خروديم
أول ذِكر	1055
الحكومة
• العمدة	František Pilný
المساحة
• الإجمالي	33٫21 كم² (12٫82 ميل²)
المنسوب	240 m (790 ft)
التعداد (2021-01-01)
• الإجمالي	23٬140
• الكثافة	700/km2 (1٬800/sq mi)
منطقة التوقيت	UTC+1 (CET)
• الصيف (التوقيت الصيفي)	UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code	537 01
الموقع الإلكتروني	www.chrudim.eu

خروديم (Chrudim ؛ النطق التشيكي: [ˈxruɟɪm]) هي بلدة في منطقة پاردوبيتسه في جمهورية التشيك. It has about 23,000 inhabitants. It is the second largest town of the region. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected by law as an urban monument zone.

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التقسيمات الادارية

Chrudim is made up of town parts of Chrudim I–IV and villages of Medlešice, Topol, Vestec and Vlčnov.

التاريخ

Aerial view of the historic centre

Church of Assumption of the Virgin Mary

The oldest archeological findings which provide first signs of the settlement in this area date back to the 5th millennium BC. Various cultures succeeded one on another in the territory of today's town of Chrudim and its vicinity. Since the 7th–8th century, the area is inhabited by Slavs.^[2]

أول ذِكر مكتوب لخروديم كان في 1055، حين توفي الدوق Bretislav I died here according to Chronica Boemorum. بلدة خروديم الملكية أسسها في 1276 الملك أوتوكار الثاني من بوهيميا لموقعها على طريق من پراگ إلى موراڤيا. ومنذ 1307، فقد أصبحت dowry town تديرها ملكات بوهيميا.^[2]

At the beginning of the Hussite Wars, Chrudim sided with the anti-Catholic side and the German-speaking population left the town. Since then, Chrudim has been an almost exclusively Czech territory by nationality. The town was in opposition to the ruling Habsburgs during the failed Estates Revolt in 1547 and Bohemian Revolt in 1618–1620, which always had serious consequences for it. Chrudim was also severely affected by the Thirty Years' War, during which the evangelical population left as a result of re-Catholicization.^[2]

During the 18th and 19th centuries, Chrudim lost partly lost its economical and administrative importance, but it has become important educational and cultural centre, which led to its gain of the nickname "Athens of Eastern Bohemia". In 1871, the railway was built and the town regained economic significance.^[2]^[3]

حتى 1918، كانت البلدة جزء من الملكية النمساوية^[4] (Austria side after the compromise of 1867), head of the Chrudim District, one of the 94 Bezirkshauptmannschaften in Bohemia.^[5]

الديمغرافيا

Historical population

Year	Pop.	±%
1869	10٬293	—
1880	12٬971	+26.0%
1890	13٬177	+1.6%
1900	14٬180	+7.6%
1910	14٬728	+3.9%

Year	Pop.	±%
1921	14٬620	−0.7%
1930	14٬570	−0.3%
1950	15٬210	+4.4%
1961	16٬460	+8.2%
1970	18٬238	+10.8%

Year	Pop.	±%
1980	21٬393	+17.3%
1991	23٬643	+10.5%
2001	23٬898	+1.1%
2011	23٬239	−2.8%
2021	23٬140	−0.4%

Source: Historical lexicon of municipalities of the Czech Republic^[6]

الثقافة

Column of the Transfiguration on the Resselovo Square

Chrudim is known for the Loutkářská Chrudim Festival. The festival was established in 1951 and is the oldest continuous festival of puppetry in the world.^[7]

المعالم

Mydlářovský House and the town walls

The main landmark of Chrudim is the Church of Assumption of the Virgin Mary on the town square. The originally Gothic building was founded before 1349 on the site of a castle. After it was damaged by several fires, it was reconstructed to its current Neo-Gothic form in 1857.^[8] Another notable churches with Gothic bases are Church of Saint Catherine, Church of Saint Michael, and Church of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross.^[9]

Resselovo Square is the main square of the historic centre. It is lined with preserved burgher houses and includes the originally Renaissance town hall with Baroque façade. In the middle of the square there is the Baroque richly decorated sculptural column of the Transfiguration.^[9]

One of the architectural symbols of the town is the Renaissance Mydlářovský House, typical with arcades and oriental-looking triple tower. Today it houses the Museum of Puppetry Culture. A significant sight is also the Neo-Renaissance and Neo-Baroque building of the Regional Museum.^[9]

The historic centre was delimited by the town walls. Most of the walls, including several bastions, have been preserved.^[9]

أشخاص بارزون

Bretislav I (1002/1005–1055), Bohemian duke; died here
Viktorin Kornel of Všehrdy (c. 1460–1520), humanist, lawyer and writer
Johann Andreas Kauchlitz Colizzi (c. 1742–1808), musician
Jan Nepomuk Štěpánek (1783–1844), actor and theatre director
يوزف رسل (1793–1857)، مخترع.
Adrienne von Pötting (1856–1909), Austrian painter
Kurt Freund (1914–1996), Czech-Canadian physician and sexologist
Miloslav Výborný (born 1952), politician
Dagmar Pecková (born 1961), operatic mezzo-soprano
Dušan Salfický (born 1972), ice hockey player
Michal Bobek (born 1977), judge
Jiří Magál (born 1977), cross-country skier
Petr Průcha (born 1982), ice hockey player
Jakub Pešek (born 1993), footballer

البلدات التوأم – المدن الشقيقة

Chrudim is twinned with:^[10]

Motovun, Croatia
Oleśnica, Poland
Svidník, Slovakia
Znojmo, Czech Republic

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المراجع

^ "Population of Municipalities – 1 January 2021". Czech Statistical Office. 2021-04-30.
^ ^أ ^ب ^ت ^ث "Historie" (in التشيكية). Město Chrudim. Retrieved 2021-10-18.
^ "About the city". Město Chrudim. Retrieved 2021-10-18.
^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Chrudim" . دائرة المعارف البريطانية. Vol. 6 (eleventh ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 318. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
^ Die postalischen Abstempelungen auf den österreichischen Postwertzeichen-Ausgaben 1867, 1883 und 1890, Wilhelm Klein, 1967
^ "Historický lexikon obcí České republiky 1869–2011 – Okres Chrudim" (in التشيكية). Czech Statistical Office. 2015-12-21. pp. 7–8.
^ "Festival Loutkářská Chrudim" (in التشيكية). Festival Loutkářská Chrudim. Retrieved 2021-10-19.
^ "Kostel Nanebevzetí Panny Marie v Chrudimi" (in التشيكية). Kudy z nudy. Retrieved 2021-10-18.
^ ^أ ^ب ^ت ^ث "O Chrudimi" (in التشيكية). Město Chrudim. Retrieved 2021-10-18.
^ "Partnerská města" (in التشيكية). Město Chrudim. Retrieved 2021-10-18.

وصلات خارجية

قالب:Chrudim District

[1] "Population of Municipalities – 1 January 2021". Czech Statistical Office. 2021-04-30.

[history-2] أ ^ب ^ت ^ث "Historie" (in التشيكية). Město Chrudim. Retrieved 2021-10-18.

[3] "About the city". Město Chrudim. Retrieved 2021-10-18.

[4] Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Chrudim" . دائرة المعارف البريطانية. Vol. 6 (eleventh ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 318. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)

[5] Die postalischen Abstempelungen auf den österreichischen Postwertzeichen-Ausgaben 1867, 1883 und 1890, Wilhelm Klein, 1967

[6] "Historický lexikon obcí České republiky 1869–2011 – Okres Chrudim" (in التشيكية). Czech Statistical Office. 2015-12-21. pp. 7–8.

[7] "Festival Loutkářská Chrudim" (in التشيكية). Festival Loutkářská Chrudim. Retrieved 2021-10-19.

[8] "Kostel Nanebevzetí Panny Marie v Chrudimi" (in التشيكية). Kudy z nudy. Retrieved 2021-10-18.

[sights-9] أ ^ب ^ت ^ث "O Chrudimi" (in التشيكية). Město Chrudim. Retrieved 2021-10-18.

[10] "Partnerská města" (in التشيكية). Město Chrudim. Retrieved 2021-10-18.

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