CBS
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| النوع | Radio and television network |
|---|---|
| البلد | United States |
| شركاء البث | |
| المقر الرئيسي | CBS Building, Manhattan, New York City, New York |
| البرامج | |
| اللغة | English |
| Picture format | |
| الملكية | |
| المالك | Paramount Global |
| الكيان الأم | CBS Entertainment Group |
| أهم الأشخاص |
|
| القنوات الشقيقة | قائمة
|
| التاريخ | |
| تأسست | 18 سبتمبر 1927 |
| انطلقت |
|
| المؤسس | Arthur Judson |
| الأسماء السابقة |
|
| الروابط | |
| الموقع الإلكتروني | cbs.com |
| التواجد | |
نظام كولومبيا للبث (Columbia Broadcasting System أو CBS) هي من أشهر شبكات التلفزيون في الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية. امتلكت الشركة سابقاً من قبل فياكوم (Viacom)، وبعد الانفصال عنها نهاية عام 2005 أصبحت الآن من ضمن شركة CBS بدأت الهيئة عام 1927 في الإذاعة، وعام 1939 في التلفزيون. تعتبر الهيئة واحدة من كبرى الشبكات التلفزيونية الأربع في الولايات المتحدة، مع ABC، و NBC، وفوكس.
Headquartered at the CBS Building in New York City, it has major production facilities and operations at the CBS Broadcast Center and the headquarters of owner Paramount at One Astor Plaza (both also in that city) and Television City and the CBS Studio Center in Los Angeles. The network is part of the "Big Three" television networks. It is also sometimes referred to as the Eye Network in reference to the company's trademark symbol which has been in use since 1951.[1] It has also been called the Tiffany Network which alludes to the perceived high quality of its programming during the tenure of William S. Paley.[2][مطلوب توضيح] It can also refer to some of CBS's first demonstrations of color television, which were held in the former Tiffany and Company Building in New York City in 1950.
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التاريخ
The network has its origins in United Independent Broadcasters, Inc., a radio network founded in Chicago by New York City talent agent Arthur Judson in January 1927. In April of that year, the Columbia Phonograph Company, parent of the Columbia record label, invested in the network, resulting in its rebranding as the Columbia Phonographic Broadcasting System (CPBS).[3] In early 1928, Judson and Columbia sold the network to Isaac and Leon Levy, two brothers who owned WCAU, the network's Philadelphia affiliate, as well as their partner Jerome Louchheim. They installed Paley, an in-law of the Levys, as president of the network. With the Columbia record label out of ownership, Paley rebranded the network as the Columbia Broadcasting System.[4] By September 1928, Paley became the network's majority owner with 51 percent of the business.[5] Paramount Pictures then acquired the other 49 percent of CBS in 1929, but the Great Depression eventually forced the studio to sell its shares back to the network in 1932.[3] CBS would then remain primarily an independent company throughout the next 63 years. Under Paley's guidance, CBS would first become one of the largest radio networks in the United States, and eventually one of the Big Three American broadcast television networks. CBS ventured and expanded its horizons through television starting in the 1940s, spinning-off its broadcast syndication division Viacom to a separate company in 1971. In 1974, CBS dropped its original full name and became known simply as CBS, Inc. The Westinghouse Electric Corporation acquired the network in 1995, renaming its legal name to the current CBS Broadcasting Inc. two years later, and eventually adopted the name of the company it had acquired to become CBS Corporation. In 2000, CBS came under the control of the original incarnation of Viacom, which was formed as a spin-off of CBS in 1971. In 2005, Viacom split itself into two separate companies and re-established CBS Corporation through the spin-off of its broadcast television, radio and select cable television and non-broadcasting assets, with the CBS network at its core.[6][7][8] CBS Corporation was controlled by Sumner Redstone through National Amusements, which also controlled the second incarnation of Viacom until December 4, 2019, when the two separated companies agreed to re-merge to become ViacomCBS (now known as Paramount Global). Following the sale, CBS and its other broadcasting and entertainment assets were reorganized into a new division, CBS Entertainment Group.
انظر أيضاً
- CBS Cable, the company's early (and abortive) foray into cable broadcasting
- CBS Innertube
- CBS Kidshow
- CBS Mobile
- History of CBS
- Lists of CBS television affiliates
- Meredith Corporation
- Westmoreland v. CBS
الهامش
- ^ "Slanguage Dictionary: E". Variety. فبراير 20, 2013. Archived from the original on ديسمبر 18, 2015. Retrieved يونيو 2, 2021.
- ^ "Westinghouse Bids for Role In the Remake: CBS Deal Advances TV's Global Reach". The New York Times. أغسطس 2, 1995. Archived from the original on أبريل 3, 2015. Retrieved مارس 12, 2015.
- ^ أ ب Erik Barnouw (1966). A Tower in Babel: A History of Broadcasting in the United States to 1933. New York City: Oxford University Press. pp. 222–261. ISBN 978-0-19-500474-8.
- ^ Jeremy Gerard (أكتوبر 28, 1990). "William S. Paley, Who Built CBS Into a Communications Empire, Dies at 89". The New York Times. Archived from the original on نوفمبر 16, 2012. Retrieved فبراير 6, 2017.
- ^ Laurence Bergreen (1980). Look Now, Pay Later: The Rise of Network Broadcasting. New York City: Doubleday and Co. p. 59. ISBN 978-0-451-61966-2.
- ^ Barnes, Matthew Karnitschnig and Brooks (يوليو 22, 2006). "CBS and Viacom Find Life Tough After the Big Split". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Archived from the original on سبتمبر 10, 2021. Retrieved سبتمبر 10, 2021.
- ^ Bloomberg News (يناير 2, 2006). "Viacom Completes Split Into 2 Companies". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on نوفمبر 1, 2021. Retrieved سبتمبر 10, 2021.
- ^ "Viacom board approves plan to split company". NBC News. Archived from the original on سبتمبر 10, 2021. Retrieved سبتمبر 10, 2021.
المراجع
- Ken Auletta (1992). Three Blind Mice: How the TV Networks Lost Their Way. New York City: Vintage. ISBN 0-679-74135-6.
- Ben H. Bagdikian (2000). The New Media Monopoly (6th ed.). Boston: Beacon Press. ISBN 0-8070-6179-4.
- Erik Barnouw (1966). A Tower in Babel: A History of Broadcasting in the United States to 1933. New York City: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-500474-8.
- Erik Barnouw (1968). The Golden Web: A History of Broadcasting in the United States, 1933–1953. New York City: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-500475-5.
- Edward J. Epstein (1973). News From Nowhere: Television and the News. New York City: Random House. ISBN 0-394-46316-1.
- Bernard Goldberg (2002). Bias: A CBS Insider Exposes How the Media Distorts the News. Washington, D.C.: Regnery. ISBN 0-89526-190-1.
- Jeff Kisseloff (1995). The Box: An Oral History of Television, 1920–1961. New York City: Viking. ISBN 0-670-86470-6.
- Barbara Matusow (1984). The Evening Stars: The Making of the Network News Anchor. New York City: Ballantine Books. ISBN 0-345-31714-9.
- William Paley (1979). As It Happened: A Memoir. Garden City, New York: Doubleday. ISBN 0-385-14639-6.
- Michael J. Robinson & Margaret Sheehan (1983). Over the Wire and On TV: CBS and the UPI in Campaign '80. New York City: Russell Sage Foundation. ISBN 0-87154-722-8.
- Sally Bedell Smith (1990). In All His Glory: The Life of William S. Paley, the Legendary Tycoon and His Brilliant Circle. New York City: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-671-61735-4.
Further reading
- Lewis J. Paper (1987). Empire: William S. Paley and the Making of CBS. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0-312-00591-1. OCLC 15283845.
وصلات خارجية
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