قوات شبه عسكرية
القوات الشبه عسكرية إنگليزية: Paramilitary هي قوات وظيفتها وتشكيلاتها تشابه القوات العسكرية النظامية لكنها لا تعتبر جزءاً من القوات المسلحة مثل قوات حرس الحدود التابعة لقوة الشرطة، ويشمل مصطلح القوات الشبة عسكرية أي تكون مشابهة للجيش في تنظيمها الداخلي، وتختلف تنظيمات القوات الشبه عسكرية من دولة إلى أخرى، ومن أمثلة القوات الشبه العسكرية في العالم قوات الجندرمة في تركيا و الباسيج في إيران والحرس الوطني الجمهوري في البرتغال وتشمل القوات الشبه عسكرية أيضاً على المليشيات.[1] Oxford English Dictionary traces the use of the term "paramilitary" as far back as 1934.[2]
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استعراض
Though a paramilitary is, by definition, not a military, it is usually equivalent to a light infantry or special forces in terms of strength, firepower, and organizational structure.[3] Paramilitaries use combat-capable kit/equipment (such as internal security/SWAT vehicles), or even actual military equipment[4] (such as long guns and armored personnel carriers; usually military surplus resources), skills (such as battlefield medicine and bomb disposal), and tactics (such as urban warfare and close-quarters combat) that are compatible with their purpose, often combining them with skills from other relevant fields such as law enforcement, coast guard, or search and rescue. A paramilitary may fall under the command of a military, train alongside them, or have permission to use their resources, despite not actually being part of them.[4]
القانونية
Under the law of war, a state may incorporate a paramilitary organization or armed agency (such as a law enforcement agency or a private volunteer militia) into its combatant armed forces. Some countries' constitutions prohibit paramilitary organizations outside government use.
أنواع
Depending on the definition adopted, "paramilitaries" may include:
تنظيمات عسكرية
- The auxiliary forces of a state's military or government, military reserve forces, such as national guard, presidential guard, republican guard, state defense force, home guard, civil guard, imperial guard, and royal guard forces
- Private military contractors and mercenaries
- Irregular military forces, such as militias, partisans, resistance movements, freedom fighters, rebel groups, liberation armies, guerilla armies, militants, insurgents, and terrorist groups.
إنفاذ القانون
- Semi-militarized law enforcement units within civilian police, such as police tactical units, SWAT, Emergency Service Units, and incident response teams
- Gendarmeries, such as the French National Gendarmerie, Dutch Royal Marechaussee, Egyptian Central Security Forces, European EUROGENDFOR, Turkic TAKM, and Chilean Carabineros de Chile
- Border guards, such as the Australian Border Force, Indian Border Security Force, Bangladeshi Border Guard Bangladesh, and Turkish village guards
- Security forces of ambiguous military status, such as internal troops, railroad guard corps, and railway troops
- Branches of government agencies such as intelligence agencies tasked with law enforcement, tactical support, or security operations, such as the Central Intelligence Agency's Special Activities Center and Global Response Staff, or the U.S. Department of Energy's Federal Protective Forces
الدفاع المدني
السياسي
- Armed, semi-militarized wings of political parties and similar political organizations.
أمثلة لوحدات شبه عسكرية
انظر أيضا
محددة:
- List of paramilitary organizations
- Bangladesh Ansar
- Border Security Force
- Combined Cadet Force
- Order of Flemish Militants
- Weimar paramilitary groups
- Paramilitary forces of India
- Paramilitary organizations
- Rebel militia groups
- Atholl Highlanders
- Special Weapons and Tactics
- Territorial Defense Forces (Yugoslavia)
المصادر
- ^ "paramilitary". Oxford English Dictionary (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. June 2011 [online edition; original published in June 2005]. Retrieved 2011-09-13.
Designating, of, or relating to a force or unit whose function and organization are analogous or ancillary to those of a professional military force, but which is not regarded as having professional or legitimate status.
- ^ قالب:Oed
- ^ "Wider conflict feared as Sudan's army and rival paramilitary force clash in capital". PBS NewsHour (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). 2023-04-15. Retrieved 2023-07-28.
- ^ أ ب Böhmelt, Tobias; Clayton, Govinda (February 2018). "Auxiliary Force Structure: Paramilitary Forces and Progovernment Militias". Comparative Political Studies (in الإنجليزية). 51 (2): 197–237. doi:10.1177/0010414017699204. hdl:10654/38817. ISSN 0010-4140.
وصلات خارجية
- CS1 الإنجليزية الأمريكية-language sources (en-us)
- Short description is different from Wikidata
- Articles with hatnote templates targeting a nonexistent page
- Articles containing إنگليزية-language text
- Civil–military relations
- عسكرية غير منظمة
- تنظيمات شبه عسكرية
- عسكرية
- Military terminology
- Private security industry