التأريخ بالكربون المشع

التأريخ بالكربون المشع Radiocarbon dating،هو تقدير عمر الصخور باستخدام الكربون-14، وهو عنصر مشع له عمر نصف قصير، بحيث يستخدم في تقدير عمر مواد يقل عمرها عن 70000 سنة.

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 خلفية فيزيائية وكيميائية

1: Formation of carbon-14
2: Decay of carbon-14
3: The equation is for living organisms, and the inequality is for dead organisms, in which the 14 C then decays (See 2).

 القياسات والمقاييس

The use of accelerator mass spectrometers can improve the sensitivity of radiocarbon dating.

 معايرة

 الحاجة إلى معايرة

Calibration curve for the radiocarbon dating scale. Data sources: Stuiver et al. (1998). Samples with a real date more recent than AD 1950 are dated and/or tracked using the N- & S-Hemisphere graphs. See following figure.

Atmospheric 14 C, New Zealand and Austria. The New Zealand curve is representative for the Southern Hemisphere, the Austrian curve is representative for the Northern Hemisphere. Atmospheric nuclear weapon tests almost doubled the concentration of 14 C in the Northern Hemisphere.

 أمثلة

• Ancient footprints of Acahualinca
• Chauvet Cave
• Dolaucothi
• Eve of Naharon
• Haraldskær Woman
• Kennewick Man
• Shroud of Turin
• Skeleton Lake
• Thera eruption
• Vinland map

 انظر أيضا

• Arizona Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Laboratory
• Carbon sequestration
• Cosmogenic isotopes
• Discussion of half-life and average-life or mean-lifetime
• Environmental isotopes
• Old wood

 قراءات للإستزادة

• Bowman, Sheridan (1990). Interpreting the Past: Radiocarbon Dating. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-07037-2.
• Currie, L. (2004). "The Remarkable Metrological History of Radiocarbon Dating II" (PDF). J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. 109: 185–217.
• Friedrich, M. (2004). "The 12,460-Year Hohenheim Oak and Pine Tree-Ring Chronology from Central Europe—a Unique Annual Record for Radiocarbon Calibration and Paleoenvironment Reconstructions". Radiocarbon. 46: 1111–1122. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
• Gove, H. E. (1999) From Hiroshima to the Iceman. The Development and Applications of Accelerator Mass Spectrometry. Bristol: Institute of Physics Publishing.
• Kovar, Anton J. (1966). "Problems in Radiocarbon Dating at Teotihuacan". American Antiquity. Society for American Archaeology. 31 (3): 427–430. doi:10.2307/2694748. JSTOR 2694748.
• Lorenz, R. D. (2002). "Radiocarbon on Titan". Meteoritics and Planetary Science. 37 (6): 867–874. Bibcode:2002M&PS...37..867L. doi:10.1111/j.1945-5100.2002.tb00861.x. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
• Mook, W. G. (1999). "Reporting 14 C activities and concentrations" (PDF). Radiocarbon. 41: 227–239. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
• Weart, S. (2004) The Discovery of Global Warming - Uses of Radiocarbon Dating.
• Willis, E.H. (1996) Radiocarbon dating in Cambridge: some personal recollections. A Worm's Eye View of the Early Days.

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 وصلات خارجية

• Radiocarbon - The main international journal of record for research articles and date lists relevant to 14C
• C14dating.com - General information on Radiocarbon dating
• calib.org - Calibration program, Marine Reservoir database, and bomb calibration
• NOSAMS: National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Facility at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
• Discussion of calibration (from U Oxford)
• Several calibration programs can be found at www.radiocarbon.org
• CalPal Online (Cologne Radiocarbon Calibration & Paleoclimate Research Package)
• OxCal program (Oxford Calibration)
• Fairbanks' Radiocarbon Calibration program (for prior to 12400 BP)
• Notes on radiocarbon dating, including movies illustrating the atomic physics (from UC Santa Barbara)
• Carbon Dating-How it works?