قشرة قارية
(تم التحويل من Continental crust)
قشرة قاريةContinental crust، نوع من قشرة الأرض في القارات والرفوف القارية، وسمكها حوالي 30 كم وقد يصل إلى 70 كم تحت سلاسل الجبال. وتبلغ كثافتها 2.7 جم/سم3، وسرعة الموجات الزلزالية التضاغطية حوالي 7 كم/ث.[1]
الأهمية
الأصل
Forces at work
انظر أيضا
الهوامش
المصادر
- Armstrong, R.L. (1991). "The Persistent Myth of Crustal Growth" (PDF). Australian Journal of Earth Sciences (38): 613–630.
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(help) - Bowring, S A; Williams, I S (1999). "Priscoan (4.00-4.03 Ga) orthogneisses from northwestern Canada". Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology (134): 3–16. Bibcode:1999CoMP..134....3B. doi:10.1007/s004100050465.
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(help) - Butler, Rob (2011). "Making new continents". Retrieved 29 يناير 2006.
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(help) - Cogley, J. Graham (1984). "Continental Margins and the Extent and Number of Continents". Reviews of Geophysics. 22 (2): 101–122. Bibcode:1984RvGSP..22..101C. doi:10.1029/RG022i002p00101.
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(help) - Condie, Kent C. (2002). "The supercontinent cycle: are there two patterns of cyclicity?". Journal of African Earth Sciences. 35 (2): 179–183. doi:10.1016/S0899-5362(02)00005-2.
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(help) - Clift, P; Vannuchi, P (2004). "Controls on Tectonic Accretion versus Erosion in Subduction Zones: Implications for the Origin and Recycling of the Continental Crust". Reviews of Geophysics. 42 (RG2001). Bibcode:2004RvGeo..42.2001C. doi:10.1029/2003RG000127.
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(help) - Hawkesworth, C.J.; Dhuime, B.; Pietranik, A.B.; Cawood, P.A. (2010). "The generation and evolution of the continental crust". Journal of the Geological Society. London. 167: 229–248. doi:10.1144/0016-76492009-072.
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suggested) (help) - Saal, A.L.; Rudnick, R.L.; Ravizza, G.E.; Hart, S.R. (1998). "Re–Os isotope evidence for the composition, formation and age of the lower continental crust". Nature. 393 (6680): 58–61. doi:10.1038/29966.
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(help) - Walther, John Victor (2005). Essentials Of Geochemistry. Jones & Bartlett. p. 35. ISBN 0-7637-2642-7.
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(help) (Diagram entitled "Model of growth of continental crust through time" by Taylor, S.R.; McLennan, S.M. (1995). "The geochemical evolution of the continental crust". Rev. Geophys. 33: 241–265. Bibcode:1995RvGeo..33..241T. doi:10.1029/95RG00262.{{cite journal}}
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(help)) - von Huene, Roland; Scholl, David W. (1991). "Observations at convergent margins concerning sediment subduction, subduction erosion, and the growth of continental crust". Reviews of Geophysics. 29: 279–316. Bibcode:1991RvGeo..29..279V. doi:10.1029/91RG00969.
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