2008

2008 في التقاويم الأخرى
التقويم الگريگوري	2008; MMVIII
آب أوربه كونديتا	2761
التقويم الأرمني	1457; ԹՎ ՌՆԾԷ
التقويم الآشوري	6758
التقويم البهائي	164–165
التقويم البنغالي	1415
التقويم الأمازيغي	2958
سنة العهد البريطاني	56 إليز. 2 – 57 إليز. 2
التقويم البوذي	2552
التقويم البورمي	1370
التقويم البيزنطي	7516–7517
التقويم الصيني	丁亥年 (النار الخنزير); 4704 أو 4644; — إلى —; 戊子年 (التراب الفأر); 4705 أو 4645
التقويم القبطي	1724–1725
التقويم الديسكوردي	3174
التقويم الإثيوپي	2000–2001
التقويم العبري	5768–5769
التقاويم الهندوسية
- ڤيكرام سامڤات	2064–2065
- شاكا سامڤات	1930–1931
- كالي يوگا	5109–5110
تقويم الهولوسين	12008
تقويم الإگبو	1008–1009
التقويم الإيراني	1386–1387
التقويم الهجري	1428–1430
التقويم الياباني	Heisei 20; (平成２０年)
تقويم جوچى	97
التقويم اليوليوسي	الگريگوري ناقص 13 يوم
التقويم الكوري	4341
تقويم مينگوو	جمهورية الصين 97; 民國97年
التقويم الشمسي التايلندي	2551
توقيت يونيكس	1199145600–1230767999
	This box: view; talk; edit;

	2008 حسب الموضوع:
	أخبار حسب الشهر
	يناير – فبراير – مارس – أبريل – مايو – يونيو ; يوليو – أغسطس – سبتمبر – أكتوبر – نوفمبر – ديسمبر
	الفنون
	العمارة – الفن – القصص المصورة – السينما – الفيديو – الأدب (الشعر) – الموسيقى (موسيقى الريف، الهيڤي ميتال، الموسيقى العربية) – الإذاعة – التلفزيون – ألعاب الفيديو
	السياسة
	الانتخابات – قادة دوليون – السياسة – قادة الدول – الدول المستقلة
	العلوم والتكنولوجيا
	الآثار – الطيران – علم الطيور – علم الأرصاد الجوية – علم الأحياء القديمة – النقل بالسكك الحديدية – العلوم – رحلات الفضاء
	الرياضة
	الرياضة – ألعاب القوى (المضمار الميدان) – كرة السلة – كرة القدم – كرة اليد – الكرة الطائرة – الكريكت – هوكي الجليد – Motorsport – التنس – دوري الرگبي – اتحاد الرگبي
	حسب المكان
	الجزائر – الأرجنتين – أستراليا – بلجيكا - البرازيل – كندا – الصين – الدنمارك – إلسلڤادور – مصر – الاتحاد الاوروپي – فرنسا – جورجيا – ألمانيا – غانا – المجر – الهند – العراق – إيران – أيرلندا – إسرائيل – إيطاليا – اليابان – كنيا – ليتوانيا – لوكسمبورگ – ماليزيا – المكسيك – نيوزيلندا – النرويج – پاكستان – الأراضي الفلسطينية – الفلپين – پولندا – رومانيا – روسيا – سنغافورة – جنوب أفريقيا – كوريا الجنوبية – إسپانيا – سريلانكا – الإمارات المتحدة – المملكة المتحدة – الولايات المتحدة
	موضوعات أخرى
	جوائز – القانون – القادة الدينيون - الإنترنت
	تصنيف المواليد والوفيات
	مواليد – وفيات
	تصنيفات تأسيسات وانحلالات
	تأسيسات – انحلالات
	تصنيفات أعمال وأطروحات
	أعمال – أطروحات
	v; t; e;

الألفية:	الألفية 3
القرون:	القرن 20 - القرن 21 - القرن 22
العقود:	عقد 1970 عقد 1980 عقد 1990 - عقد 2000 - عقد 2010 عقد 2020 عقد 2030
السنوات:	2005 2006 2007 - 2008 - 2009 2010 2011

► | قرن 20 | << قرن 21 >> | قرن 22 | ◄
► | عقد 1970 | عقد 1980 | عقد 1990 | << عقد 2000 >> | عقد 2010 | عقد 2020 | عقد 2030 | ◄
► | ► | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | << 2008 >> | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | ◄ | ◄

تحويل 1-1-2008م الى هجري ^{(وصلة خارجية)} | تحويل 31-12-2008م الى هجري ^{(وصلة خارجية)} | ابحث في الموسوعة عن مواضيع متعلقة بسنة 2008

2008 يناير فبراير مارس أبريل مايو يونيو يوليو أغسطس سبتمبر أكتوبر نوفمبر ديسمبر

From left, clockwise: Lehman Brothers went bankrupt following the Subprime mortgage crisis; Cyclone Nargis killed more than 138,000 in Myanmar; A scene from the opening ceremony of the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing; the 2008 Sichuan earthquake kills over 87,000; a destroyed Georgian T-72 tank during the Russo-Georgian War; the Trident Hotel in Mumbai was the site of the November 2008 Mumbai attacks; a line of detritus in a backyard caused by the Kingston Fossil Plant coal fly ash slurry spill; Poster in Pristina celebrating the Independence of Kosovo from Serbia.

سنة 2008 (MMVIII) كانت سنة كبيسة تبدأ يوم الثلاثاء (الرابط يعرض التقويم كاملاً) التقويم الگريگوري، السنة 2008 بعد الميلاد (م)، السنة 8 في الألفية 3، السنة 8 في القرن 21، والسنة 9 في عقد 2000.

2008 was designated as:

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Events

January

1 يناير – Cyprus and Malta adopt the euro.^[2]^[3]
January 14 – At 19:04:39 UTC, the MESSENGER space probe is at its closest approach during its first flyby of the planet Mercury.^[4]
January 21 – Stock markets around the world plunge amid growing fears of a U.S. recession, fueled by the 2007 subprime mortgage crisis.^[5]
January 24 – A peace deal is signed in Goma, Democratic Republic of the Congo, ending the Kivu conflict.^[6]

February

February 4 – Iran opens its first space center and launches a rocket into space.^[7]
February 5 – U.S. stock market indices plunge more than 3% after a report shows signs of economic recession in the service sector. The S&P 500 fall 3.2%, The Dow Jones Industrial Average drops 370 points.^[8]
February 13 – Australian Prime Minister Kevin Rudd delivers a formal apology to the Stolen Generations.^[9]
February 17 – Kosovo formally declares independence from Serbia, with a mixed response from the international community.^[10]

March

March–April – Rising food and fuel prices trigger riots and unrest in the Third World.
March 2 – Venezuela and Ecuador move troops to the Colombian border, following a Colombian raid against FARC guerrillas inside Ecuadorian territory, in which senior commander Raúl Reyes is killed.^[11]^[12]
March 9 – The first European Space Agency Automated Transfer Vehicle, a cargo spacecraft for the International Space Station, launches from Guiana Space Centre in French Guiana.^[13]
March 24 – Bhutan holds its first-ever general elections following the adoption of a new Constitution which changed the country from an absolute monarchy to a multiparty democracy.^[14]
March 25 – African Union and Comoros forces invade the rebel-held island of Anjouan, returning the island to Comorian control.^[15]

April

April 22 – Surgeons at London's Moorfields Eye Hospital perform the first operations using bionic eyes, implanting them into two blind patients.

May

May 3 – Cyclone Nargis passes through Myanmar, killing over 100,000 people.^[16]
May 12 – An earthquake measuring 7.9 Moment magnitude scale strikes Sichuan, China, killing an estimated 87,000 people.^[17]
May 23
- The Union of South American Nations, an intergovernmental organization between states in South America, is founded.^[18]
- The International Court of Justice awards Middle Rocks to Malaysia and Pedra Branca to Singapore, ending a 29-year territorial dispute between the two countries.^[19]
May 25 – NASA's Phoenix spacecraft becomes the first to land on the northern polar region of Mars.^[20]
May 28 – The Legislature Parliament of Nepal votes overwhelmingly in favor of abolishing the country's 240-year-old monarchy, turning the country into a republic.^[21]
May 30 – The Convention on Cluster Munitions is adopted in Dublin.^[22]

June

June 11
- The Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope is launched.^[23]
- Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper formally apologizes, on behalf of the Canadian government, to the country's First Nations for the Canadian Indian residential school system.^[24]
June 14 – Expo 2008 opens in Zaragoza, Spain, lasting to September 14, with the topic "Water and sustainable development".^[25]

July

July 2 – Íngrid Betancourt and 14 other hostages are rescued from FARC rebels by Colombian security forces.^[26]
July 21 – Radovan Karadžić, the first president of the Republika Srpska, is arrested in Belgrade, Serbia, on allegations of war crimes, following a 12-year-long manhunt.^[27]

August

August 6 – President Sidi Ould Cheikh Abdallahi of Mauritania is deposed in a military coup d'état.^[28]
August 7 – Georgia invades the breakaway state of South Ossetia, sparking a war with Russia as the latter intervenes in support of the separatists in both South Ossetia and Abkhazia.^[29]
August 8–24 – The 2008 Summer Olympics take place in Beijing, China.^[30]

September

September 10 – The proton beam is circulated for the first time in the Large Hadron Collider, the world's largest and highest-energy particle accelerator, located at CERN, near Geneva, under the Franco-Swiss border.^[31]^[32]
September 20 – A suicide truck bomb explosion destroys the Marriott Hotel in Islamabad, Pakistan, killing at least 60 and injuring 266.^[33]^[34]^[35]
September 28 – SpaceX Falcon 1 becomes the world's first privately developed space launch vehicle to successfully make orbit.^[36]^[37]

October

October 3 – Global financial crisis: U.S. President George W. Bush signs the revised Emergency Economic Stabilization Act into law, creating a 700 billion dollar Treasury fund to purchase failing bank assets.^[38]
October 21 – The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is officially inaugurated. It is a collaboration of over 10,000 scientists and engineers from over 100 countries as well as hundreds of universities and laboratories.^[39]^[40]^[41]^[42]
October 22 – The Indian Space Research Organisation successfully launches the Chandrayaan-1 spacecraft on a lunar exploration mission.^[43]^[44]

November

November 4 – Democratic U.S. Senator Barack Obama is elected the 44th President of the United States, becoming the first African-American President.^[45]^[46]^[47]
November 19 – Claudia Castillo of Spain becomes the first person to have a successful trachea transplant using a tissue-engineered organ.^[48]

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

December

December 5 – Human remains found in 1991 are identified as Tsar Nicholas II of Russia, using DNA analysis.^[49]
December 10 – The Channel Island of Sark, a British Crown dependency, holds its first fully democratic elections under a new constitutional arrangement, becoming the last European territory to abolish feudalism.^[50]
December 18 – The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda finds Théoneste Bagosora and two other senior Rwandan army officers guilty of genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes and sentences them to life imprisonment for their role in the Rwandan genocide.^[51]
December 23 – A military coup d'état deposes the government of Guinea shortly after the death of longtime President Lansana Conté.^[52]
December 27 – Israel invades the Gaza Strip in response to rockets being fired into Israeli territory by Hamas and due to weapons being smuggled into the area.^[53]^[54]^[55]
December 31 – An extra leap second (23:59:60) is added to end the year. The last time this occurred was in 2005.

Births

April 16 – Princess Eléonore of Belgium

Deaths

مقال رئيسي: Deaths in 2008

January

Edmund Hillary

Heath Ledger

Suharto

2 يناير – Galyani Vadhana, Princess of Naradhiwas, Princess of Thailand (و. 1923)
January 3 – Choi Yo-sam, Korean boxer (و. 1972)
January 10 – Maila Nurmi, Finnish-American actress and television personality (و. 1922)
January 11 – Edmund Hillary, New Zealand mountaineer, explorer, and philanthropist (و. 1919)
January 15 – Brad Renfro, American actor (و. 1982)
January 16 – Nikola Kljusev, 1st Prime Minister of Macedonia (و. 1927)
January 17 – Bobby Fischer, American-Icelandic chess grandmaster and former World Chess Champion (و. 1943)
January 19 – Suzanne Pleshette, American actress (و. 1937)
January 22
- Heath Ledger, Australian actor (و. 1979)
- Claude Piron, Swiss linguist and psychologist (و. 1931)
January 25 – Aziz Sedky, 36th Prime Minister of Egypt (و. 1920)
26 يناير – George Habash, Palestinian politician (و. 1926)
January 27
- Gordon B. Hinckley, American Mormon leader (و. 1910)
- Suharto, 2nd President of Indonesia (و. 1921)
January 28 – Archbishop Christodoulos of Athens (و. 1939)
January 29 – Margaret Truman, American singer and writer (و. 1924)

February

Roy Scheider

Janez Drnovšek

February 2 – Joshua Lederberg, American Nobel molecular biologist (و. 1925)
February 5 – Maharishi Mahesh Yogi, Indian spiritual leader (و. 1917)
February 7 – Andrew Bertie, British Grand Master of the Order of Malta (و. 1929)
February 9 – Baba Amte, Indian social activist (و. 1914)
February 10 – Roy Scheider, American actor (و. 1932)
February 11
- Tom Lantos, American politician (و. 1928)
- Alfredo Reinado, East Timorese rebel (و. 1967)
February 12
- Imad Mughniyah, Lebanese militant (و. 1962)
- Badri Patarkatsishvili, Georgian businessman and politician (و. 1955)
February 13
- Kon Ichikawa, Japanese film director (و. 1915)
- Henri Salvador, French singer (و. 1917)
February 18 – Alain Robbe-Grillet, French writer and filmmaker (و. 1922)
February 19
- Natalia Bessmertnova, Russian ballerina (و. 1941)
- Yegor Letov, Russian singer (و. 1964)
February 23
- Janez Drnovšek, 2-Time Prime Minister and 2nd President of Slovenia (و. 1950)
- Paul Frère, Belgian racing driver (و. 1917)
February 27
- William F. Buckley Jr., American author and conservative commentator (و. 1925)
- Ivan Rebroff, German singer (و. 1931)

March

Arthur C. Clarke

Paul Scofield

March 1 – Raúl Reyes, Colombian guerrilla (و. 1948)
March 2 – Jeff Healey, Canadian musician (و. 1966)
March 3
- Giuseppe Di Stefano, Italian operatic tenor (و. 1921)
- Norman Smith, English singer and record producer (و. 1923)
March 4 – Gary Gygax, American writer and game designer (و. 1938)
March 5 – Joseph Weizenbaum, German-American author and computer scientist (و. 1923)
March 6 – Peter Poreku Dery, Ghanaian cardinal (و. 1918)
March 14 – Chiara Lubich, Italian Catholic activist (و. 1920)
March 18 – Anthony Minghella, English film director and screenwriter (و. 1954)
March 19
- Arthur C. Clarke, English author, inventor, and futurist (و. 1917)
- Hugo Claus, Flemish writer, painter and film director (و. 1929)
- Paul Scofield, English actor (و. 1922)
March 22 – Adolfo Suárez Rivera, Mexican cardinal (و. 1927)
March 24
- Neil Aspinall, British record producer and business executive (و. 1942)
- Richard Widmark, American actor (و. 1914)
March 26 – Manuel Marulanda, Colombian guerrilla (و. 1930)
March 27 – Jean-Marie Balestre, French sports executive (و. 1921)
March 30 – Dith Pran, Cambodian-American photojournalist (و. 1942)
March 31 – Jules Dassin, American film director (و. 1911)

April

Charlton Heston

April 3 – Hrvoje Ćustić, Croatian footballer (و. 1983)
April 5 – Charlton Heston, American actor (و. 1923)
April 8 – Stanley Kamel, American actor (و. 1943)
April 10 – Ernesto Corripio y Ahumada, Mexican cardinal (و. 1919)
April 12 – Patrick Hillery, 6th President of Ireland (و. 1923)
April 13 – John Archibald Wheeler, American theoretical physicist (و. 1911)
April 14 – Ollie Johnston, American animator (و. 1912)
April 15 – Benoît Lamy, Belgian motion picture writer-director (و. 1945)
April 16 – Edward Norton Lorenz, American mathematician and meteorologist (و. 1917)
April 17 – Aimé Césaire, French Martinican poet and politician (و. 1913)
April 29 – Albert Hofmann, Swiss chemist and writer (و. 1906)

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

May

Irena Sendler

Sydney Pollack

May 1 – Anthony Mamo, 1st President of Malta (و. 1909)
May 2 – Philipp von Boeselager, German military officer (و. 1917)
May 3 – Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo, Spanish Prime Minister (و. 1926)
May 8 – François Sterchele, Belgian footballer (و. 1982)
May 10 – Leyla Gencer, Turkish soprano (و. 1928)
May 12
- Robert Rauschenberg, American pop artist (و. 1925)
- Irena Sendler, Polish humanitarian (و. 1910)
May 13
- Saad Al-Abdullah Al-Salim Al-Sabah, 4th Emir of Kuwait (و. 1930)
- Bernardin Gantin, Beninese cardinal (و. 1922)
May 15 – Willis Lamb, American Nobel physicist (و. 1913)
May 23 – Cornell Capa, Hungarian-American photographer (و. 1918)
May 24 – Rob Knox, British actor (و. 1989)
May 26
- Sydney Pollack, American actor, director and producer (و. 1934)
- Koloa Talake, 7th Prime Minister of Tuvalu (و. 1934)
May 28 – Sven Davidson, Swedish tennis player (و. 1928)

June

Chinghiz Aitmatov

Cyd Charisse

George Carlin

June 1
- Tommy Lapid, Israeli television presenter, journalist, and politician (و. 1931)
- Yves Saint Laurent, French fashion designer (و. 1936)
June 2
- Bo Diddley, American musician (و. 1928)
- Mel Ferrer, American actor, director, and producer (و. 1917)
June 5 – Jameson Mbilini Dlamini, 7th Prime Minister of Swaziland (و. 1921)
June 4 – Agata Mróz-Olszewska, Polish volleyball player (و. 1982)
June 7
- Mustafa Khalil, 40th Prime Minister of Egypt (و. 1920)
- Dino Risi, Italian director (و. 1916)
June 8 – Šaban Bajramović, Serbian musician (و. 1936)
June 9
- Karen Asrian, Armenian chess grandmaster (و. 1980)
- Algis Budrys, Lithuanian-American science fiction writer (و. 1931)
June 10 – Chinghiz Aitmatov, Kyrgyzstani writer (و. 1928)
June 11
- Ove Andersson, Swedish rally driver (و. 1939)
- Võ Văn Kiệt, 5th Prime Minister of Vietnam (و. 1922)
June 13 – Tim Russert, American journalist (و. 1950)
June 15 – Stan Winston, American special effects and makeup artist (و. 1946)
June 17 – Cyd Charisse, American actress and dancer (و. 1922)
June 18 – Jean Delannoy, French film director (و. 1908)
June 22 – George Carlin, American author, actor, and comedian (و. 1937)
June 23 – Arthur Chung, 1st President of Guyana (و. 1918)
June 24 – Leonid Hurwicz, American Nobel economist and mathematician (و. 1917)
June 27 – Sam Manekshaw, Indian Field Marshal (و. 1914)
June 28 – Ruslana Korshunova, Kazakhstani model (و. 1987)
June 29 – Don S. Davis, American actor (و. 1942)

July

Jesse Helms

July 4
- Jesse Helms, American politician (و. 1921)
- Evelyn Keyes, American actress (و. 1916)
July 5 – René Harris, 4-Time President of Nauru (و. 1947)
July 11 – Michael E. DeBakey, American surgeon and inventor (و. 1908)
July 12 – Tony Snow, American political commentator (و. 1955)
July 13 – Bronisław Geremek, Polish social historian and politician (و. 1932)
July 15 – György Kolonics, Hungarian canoeist (و. 1972)
July 16 – Jo Stafford, American singer (و. 1917)
July 22 – Estelle Getty, American actress (و. 1923)
July 25
- Johnny Griffin, American saxophonist (و. 1928)
- Randy Pausch, American author and computer scientist (و. 1960)
July 27 – Youssef Chahine, Egyptian film director (و. 1926)
July 29 – Mate Parlov, Croatian boxer (و. 1948)

August

Isaac Hayes

Bernie Mac

August 1 – Harkishan Singh Surjeet, Indian politician (و. 1916)
August 3 – Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, Russian Nobel writer (و. 1918)
August 9
- Mahmoud Darwish, Palestinian poet (و. 1941)
- Bernie Mac, American actor and comedian (و. 1957)
August 10 – Isaac Hayes, American musician (و. 1942)
August 11 – Fred Sinowatz, Austrian politician (و. 1929)
August 13 – Henri Cartan, French mathematician (و. 1904)
August 15 – Jerry Wexler, American music producer (و. 1917)
August 16
- Ronnie Drew, Irish singer (و. 1934)
- Masanobu Fukuoka, Japanese microbiologist (و. 1913)
August 19 – Levy Mwanawasa, 3rd President of Zambia (و. 1948)
August 20 – Hua Guofeng, Chairman of the Communist Party and Chinese premier (و. 1921)
August 23 – Thomas Huckle Weller, American Nobel virologist (و. 1915)
August 28 – Phil Hill, American race car driver (و. 1927)

September

Paul Newman

September 1 – Don LaFontaine, American voice actor (و. 1940)
September 6
- Antonio Innocenti, Italian cardinal (و. 1915)
- Anita Page, American actress (و. 1910)
September 9 – Nouhak Phoumsavanh, 3rd President of Laos (و. 1910)
September 12 – David Foster Wallace, American writer (و. 1962)
September 15 – Richard Wright, English Keyboardist (و. 1943)
September 18 – Mauricio Kagel, Argentine composer (و. 1931)
September 21 – Dingiri Banda Wijetunga, 9th Prime Minister and 4th President of Sri Lanka (و. 1916)
September 26 – Paul Newman, American actor (و. 1925)

October

Jörg Haider

October 1 – Boris Yefimov, Russian political cartoonist (و. 1900)
October 6 – Paavo Haavikko, Finnish poet (و. 1931)
October 8 – George Emil Palade, Romanian Nobel cell biologist (و. 1912)
October 10 – Alexey Prokurorov, Russian cross-country skier (و. 1964)
October 11 – Jörg Haider, Austrian politician (و. 1950)
October 13
- Alexei Cherepanov, Russian Hockey Player (و. 1989)
- Guillaume Depardieu, French actor (و. 1971)
- Antonio José González Zumárraga, Ecuadorian cardinal (و. 1925)
October 20 – Sœur Emmanuelle, Belgian-born French nun (و. 1908)
October 25 – Muslim Magomayev, Azerbaijani singer (و. 1942)
October 26 – Tony Hillerman, American writer (و. 1925)
October 29 – William Wharton, American author (و. 1925)
October 31 – Studs Terkel, American author and liberal commentator (و. 1912)

November

Michael Crichton

November 1
- Jacques Piccard, Swiss explorer and engineer (و. 1922)
- Yma Sumac, Peruvian soprano (و. 1922)
November 4
- Michael Crichton, American author and producer (و. 1942)
- Juan Camilo Mouriño, Mexican politician (و. 1971)
November 9 – Miriam Makeba, South African singer (و. 1932)
November 10 – Kiyoshi Itō, Japanese mathematician (و. 1915)
November 12 – Mitch Mitchell, English drummer (و. 1946)
November 14 – Tsvetanka Khristova, Bulgarian athlete (و. 1962)
November 22 – Ibrahim Nasir, 2nd President of the Maldives (و. 1926)
November 27 – V. P. Singh, 7th Prime Minister of India (و. 1931)
November 29 – Jørn Utzon, Danish architect (و. 1918)

December

Alexy II

Horst Tappert

Mark Felt

December 1 – Mikel Laboa, Basque singer and songwriter (و. 1934)
December 2 – Odetta, American singer (و. 1930)
December 5
- Patriarch Alexy II of Moscow (و. 1928)
- Nina Foch, Dutch-born American actress (و. 1924)
December 9
- Yury Glazkov, Russian cosmonaut (و. 1939)
- Dražan Jerković, Croatian football player and manager (و. 1936)
December 11
- Daniel Carleton Gajdusek, American Nobel physician (و. 1923)
- Bettie Page, American pin-up model (و. 1923)
December 12
- Avery Dulles, American Roman Catholic Cardinal (و. 1918)
- Van Johnson, American actor (و. 1916)
- Tassos Papadopoulos, 5th President of Cyprus (و. 1934)
December 13 – Horst Tappert, German actor (و. 1923)
December 15 – León Febres Cordero, 35th President of Ecuador (و. 1931)
December 18
- Majel Barrett, American actress (و. 1932)
- Mark Felt, American FBI agent (و. 1913)
20 ديسمبر
- Joseph Conombo, 3rd Prime Minister of Burkina Faso (و. 1917)
- Olga Lepeshinskaya, Russian ballerina (و. 1916)
- Robert Mulligan, American director (و. 1925)
December 22 – Lansana Conté, 2nd President of Guinea (و. 1934)
December 24
- Samuel P. Huntington, American political scientist (و. 1927)
- Harold Pinter, English playwright (و. 1930)
December 25 – Eartha Kitt, American singer and actress (و. 1927)
December 29 – Freddie Hubbard, American jazz trumpeter (و. 1938)

Nobel Prizes

Chemistry – Martin Chalfie, Osamu Shimomura, and Roger Y. Tsien
Economics – Paul Krugman
Literature – Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio
Peace – Martti Ahtisaari
Physics – Makoto Kobayashi, Toshihide Maskawa, and Yoichiro Nambu
Physiology or Medicine – Françoise Barré-Sinoussi, Harald zur Hausen, and Luc Montagnier

وصلات خارجية

2008 Calendar at Internet Accuracy Project

ru-sib:2008

[1] "General Assembly Proclaims 2008 International Year of Languages, in Effort to Promote Unity in Diversity, Global Understanding". United Nations. Archived from the original on نوفمبر 1, 2008. Retrieved نوفمبر 2, 2008. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[2] Cyprus and Malta set to join eurozone in 2008 Archived يناير 30, 2009 at the Wayback Machine, EurActiv

[3] Akrotiri and Dhekelia adopt the euro, EUbusiness (ISO 4217 code: VEF). Archived يوليو 6, 2009 at the Wayback Machine

[4] "Mercury Flyby 1". Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory. Archived from the original on مايو 16, 2008. Retrieved يناير 12, 2008. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[5] Landler, Mark; Timmons, Heather (يناير 21, 2008). "Stocks Plunge Worldwide on Fears of a U.S. Recession". The New York Times. Archived from the original on ديسمبر 11, 2008. Retrieved نوفمبر 21, 2008. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[6] "Eastern Congo peace deal signed". BBC. يناير 23, 2008. Archived from the original on ديسمبر 17, 2008. Retrieved أغسطس 25, 2016. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[7] "Iran Opens Space Center, Launches Rocket", Associated Press

[8] "Stocks Plunge on Service Sector Weakness". AFP. Archived from the original on فبراير 8, 2008.

[9] "Kevin Rudd says sorry". The Sydney Morning Herald. فبراير 13, 2008. Retrieved يوليو 8, 2011.

[10] "BU.S., Europeans at Security Council Back Kosovo's Independence". Bloomberg L.P. فبراير 17, 2008. Retrieved نوفمبر 5, 2008.

[11] James, Ian (مارس 3, 2008). "Venezuela, Ecuador sending troops to border with Colombia after rebel leader killed". The Seattle Times. Archived from the original on March 10, 2008. Retrieved March 15, 2009. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[12] Goodman, Joshua (مارس 1, 2008). "Colombian Rebel Leader Raul Reyes Killed By Army, Minister Says". Bloomberg L.P. Retrieved مارس 15, 2009.

[13] "Europe launches its first resupply ship to the ISS". European Space Agency. مارس 9, 2008. Archived from the original on May 22, 2009. Retrieved March 15, 2009. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[14] Sengupta, Somini (مارس 25, 2008). "Heavy Turnout in First Bhutan Election". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved يناير 13, 2017.

[15] "BBC NEWS | Africa | 'Deadly clashes' in the Comoros". news.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved يناير 13, 2017.

[16] "BBC NEWS | UK | UK Politics | Cameron urges aid drops for Burma". news.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved يناير 13, 2017.

[17] "Sichuan 2008: A disaster on an immense scale". BBC News (in الإنجليزية البريطانية). مايو 9, 2013. Retrieved يناير 13, 2017.

[18] "BBC NEWS | Americas | South America nations found union". news.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved يناير 13, 2017.

[19] ration (يونيو 10, 2015). "The Asian way to settle disputes". The Straits Times. Retrieved يناير 13, 2017.

[20] "Phoenix Mars Mission". Archived from the original on March 4, 2008. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[21] "BBC NEWS | South Asia | Nepal votes to abolish monarchy". news.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved يناير 13, 2017.

[cluster-22] United Nations Treaty Collection: Convention on Cluster Munitions. Retrieved on 28 March 2009.^{[dead link]}

[23] MSFC, Jennifer Wall : (مايو 21, 2015). "What Is the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope?". NASA (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved يناير 13, 2017.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link)

[24] "Harper apologizes for residential school abuse". CTV. يونيو 11, 2008. Archived from the original on يوليو 9, 2008. Retrieved يناير 13, 2017. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[25] "Spain's Expo 2008 on world water opens". Reuters. يونيو 14, 2017. Retrieved يناير 13, 2017.

[26] Kraul, Chris (يوليو 4, 2008). "The ultimate fake-out". Los Angeles Times (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). ISSN 0458-3035. Retrieved يناير 13, 2017.

[27] "BBC News: Serbia captures fugitive Karadzic". يوليو 22, 2008. Retrieved يناير 1, 2010.

[28] "BBC NEWS | Africa | Troops stage coup in Mauritania". news.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved يناير 13, 2017.

[29] Finn, Peter (أغسطس 17, 2008). "A Two-Sided Descent Into Full-Scale War". The Washington Post. Retrieved يناير 13, 2017.

[30] "Beijing 2008 – It's a wrap". The Boston Globe. أغسطس 25, 2008. Retrieved يوليو 8, 2011.

[31] "First beam in the LHC – accelerating science".

[32] "Large Hadron Collider fired up in 'God particle' hunt". CNN. سبتمبر 10, 2008. Retrieved أبريل 14, 2010.

[33] "At Least 40 Killed in Huge Explosion at Pakistan Hotel". The New York Times. Retrieved يوليو 8, 2011.^{[dead link]}

[34] "Deadly blast targets Marriott Hotel in Islamabad". CNN. سبتمبر 21, 2008. Retrieved أبريل 14, 2010.

[35] "Dozens killed in Pakistan attack". BBC News. سبتمبر 20, 2008. Retrieved يناير 1, 2010.

[36] "Space Exploration Technologies Corporation – Falcon 1 Flight 4". Archived from the original on July 25, 2011. Retrieved 8 July 2011. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[37] "Falcon rocket success for SpaceX". BBC News. سبتمبر 29, 2008. Retrieved يناير 1, 2010.

[Associated_Press-Raum-2008-10-03-38] Raum, Tom (October 3, 2008) Bush signs $700 billion bailout bill Archived أكتوبر 28, 2008 at the Wayback Machine Associated Press . Retrieved October 3, 2008.

[39] "CERN inaugurates the LHC". CERN. أكتوبر 21, 2008. Retrieved نوفمبر 20, 2016.

[40] "LHC to be inaugurated on 21 October 2008". Retrieved نوفمبر 20, 2016.

[41] "Final LHC Synchronization Test a Success". Retrieved يوليو 8, 2011.

[42] Lynn, Jonathan (أكتوبر 21, 2008). "Big Bang experiment inaugurated despite glitch". Reuters.

[43] "India launches first Moon mission". BBC News. أكتوبر 22, 2008. Archived from the original on أكتوبر 22, 2008. Retrieved أكتوبر 22, 2008. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[44] "Chandrayaan-1". Archived from the original on June 28, 2011. Retrieved 8 July 2011. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[45] Nagourney, Adam (نوفمبر 4, 2008). "Obama Elected President as Racial Barrier Falls". The New York Times. Archived from the original on ديسمبر 9, 2008. Retrieved نوفمبر 5, 2008. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[46] "Obama wins historic US election". BBC News. نوفمبر 5, 2008. Archived from the original on نوفمبر 6, 2008. Retrieved نوفمبر 5, 2008. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[47] "Obama inspires historic victory". CNN. نوفمبر 5, 2008. Archived from the original on ديسمبر 17, 2008. Retrieved نوفمبر 5, 2008. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[48] Roberts, Michelle (نوفمبر 19, 2008). "FWindpipe transplant breakthrough". BBC News. Archived from the original on يناير 15, 2010. Retrieved يناير 1, 2010. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[49] "Boffins confirm authenticity of Last Tsar's remains". RT. ديسمبر 5, 2008. Archived from the original on فبراير 26, 2009. Retrieved فبراير 14, 2017. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[50] "Sark Election: the candidates". BBC Guernsey. ديسمبر 9, 2008. Archived from the original on ديسمبر 12, 2008. Retrieved ديسمبر 11, 2008. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[51] "Trio found guilty of Rwandan genocide". CNN. ديسمبر 18, 2008. Archived from the original on ديسمبر 19, 2008. Retrieved ديسمبر 18, 2008. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[52] "Coup fear as Guinea president dies". CNN. ديسمبر 24, 2008. Archived from the original on ديسمبر 24, 2008. Retrieved ديسمبر 24, 2008. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[53] "Ilene R. Prusher, 'Hamas remains defiant despite pounding' Christian Science Monitor 13 January 2009". Csmonitor.com. يناير 13, 2009. Retrieved يونيو 5, 2010.

[54] Bright, Arthur. Israel set to launch ‘limited operation’ in Gaza, Christian Science Monitor, December 26, 2008.

[guardian.co.uk-55] Rory McCarthy in Jerusalem (سبتمبر 16, 2009). "Israel rejects war crimes findings of UN Gaza inquiry | World news | guardian.co.uk". The Guardian. London. Retrieved مايو 8, 2010.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

[25]

[26]

[27]

[28]

[29]

[30]

[31]

[32]

[33]

[34]

[35]

[36]

[37]

[38]

[39]

[40]

[41]

[42]

[43]

[44]

[45]

[46]

[47]

[48]

[49]

[50]

[51]

[52]

[53]

[54]

[55]

Events

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

Births

Deaths

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

Nobel Prizes

See also

وصلات خارجية