1669
► | قرن 16 | << قرن 17 >> | قرن 18 | ◄
► | عقد 1630 | عقد 1640 | عقد 1650 | << عقد 1660 >> | عقد 1670 | عقد 1680 | عقد 1690 | ◄
► | ► | 1664 | 1665 | 1666 | 1667 | 1668 | << 1669 >> | 1670 | 1671 | 1672 | 1673 | 1674 | ◄ | ◄
تحويل 1-1-1669م الى هجري (وصلة خارجية) | تحويل 31-12-1669م الى هجري (وصلة خارجية) | ابحث في الموسوعة عن مواضيع متعلقة بسنة 1669
الألفية: | الألفية 2 |
---|---|
القرون: | القرن 16 - القرن 17 - القرن 18 |
العقود: | عقد 1630 عقد 1640 عقد 1650 - عقد 1660 - عقد 1670 عقد 1680 عقد 1690 |
السنوات: | 1666 1667 1668 - 1669 - 1670 1671 1672 |
1669 حسب الموضوع: | |
الفنون والعلوم | |
العمارة - الفن - الأدب - الموسيقى - العلوم | |
قوائم الزعماء | |
الحكام الاستعماريون - زعماء الدول | |
تصنيفا المواليد والوفيات | |
المواليد - الوفيات | |
تصنيفا التأسيسات والانحلالات | |
التأسيسات - الانحلالات | |
تصنيف الأعمال | |
الأعمال | |
التقويم الگريگوري | 1669 MDCLXIX |
آب أوربه كونديتا | 2422 |
التقويم الأرمني | 1118 ԹՎ ՌՃԺԸ |
التقويم الآشوري | 6419 |
التقويم البهائي | −175 – −174 |
التقويم البنغالي | 1076 |
التقويم الأمازيغي | 2619 |
سنة العهد الإنگليزي | 20 Cha. 2 – 21 Cha. 2 |
التقويم البوذي | 2213 |
التقويم البورمي | 1031 |
التقويم البيزنطي | 7177–7178 |
التقويم الصيني | 戊申年 (التراب القرد) 4365 أو 4305 — إلى — 己酉年 (التراب الديك) 4366 أو 4306 |
التقويم القبطي | 1385–1386 |
التقويم الديسكوردي | 2835 |
التقويم الإثيوپي | 1661–1662 |
التقويم العبري | 5429–5430 |
التقاويم الهندوسية | |
- ڤيكرام سامڤات | 1725–1726 |
- شاكا سامڤات | 1591–1592 |
- كالي يوگا | 4770–4771 |
تقويم الهولوسين | 11669 |
تقويم الإگبو | 669–670 |
التقويم الإيراني | 1047–1048 |
التقويم الهجري | 1079–1080 |
التقويم الياباني | Kanbun 8 (寛文8年) |
تقويم جوچى | N/A |
التقويم اليوليوسي | الگريگوري ناقص 10 يوم |
التقويم الكوري | 4002 |
تقويم مينگوو | 243 قبل جمهورية الصين 民前243年 |
التقويم الشمسي التايلندي | 2212 |
سنة 1669 (MDCLXIX) كانت سنة بسيطة تبدأ يوم الثلاثاء (الرابط يعرض التقويم كاملاً) التقويم الگريگوري، السنة 1669 بعد الميلاد (م)، السنة 669 في الألفية 2، السنة 69 في القرن 17، والسنة 10 والأخيرة في عقد 1660 بين 1583 و 1929 ومع فارق 1669 is 10 يوم عن التقويم اليوليوسي، والذين ظلوا مستخدمين حتى التحول الكامل إلى التقويم الگريگوري في 1929.
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أحداث
يناير-مارس
- 2 يناير - القرصان هنري مورگان من ويلز holds a meeting of his captains on board his ship, the former Royal Navy frigate Oxford, and an explosion in the ship's gunpowder supply kills 200 of his crew and four of the pirate captains who had attended the summit. [1]
- 4 يناير - A 5.7 magnitude earthquake strikes the city of شماخي في فارس (الآن في أذربيجان) ويقتل 7,000 people. Fourteen months earlier, an earthquake in Shamakhi killed 80,000 people.
- 13 فبراير - The first performance of the Ballet de Flore, a joint collaboration of Jean-Baptiste Lully and Isaac de Benserade is given, premiering at the قصر اللوڤر in Paris. الملك لويس الرابع عشر يموّل العرض، بل ويظهر في دور صغير في الانتاج كراقص. [2]
- 23 فبراير - إسحاق نيوتن يكتب أول أوصافه لاختراعه الجديد، التلسكوب العاكس. [3]
- 9 مارس - غارة ناجحة للقرصان الإنگليزي هنري مورگان على منطقة بحيرة ماراكايبو، في ڤنزويلا.
- 11 مارس - جبل إتنا erupts، destroying the Sicilian town of Nicolosi.[4]
- 28 مارس - رادو ليون يعزله السلطان العثماني من منصب أمير ولاخيا (هي الآن جزء من رومانيا ويحل محله Antonie Vodă din Popești.
أبريل-يونيو
- 9 أبريل - Aurangzeb، the Muslim Emperor of the Mughal Empire in India, issues a firman decree for the protection of all Hindu temples and schools in his kingdom.
- 18 أبريل: Aurangzeb , who seeks to establish الشريعة، prohibits the construction of Hindu temples and destroys the most recent ones. The Vishwanath temple in Benares was demolished in August, followed by those of Keshava Rai in Mathura inJanuary 1670and from Somnāth to Kâthiâwar.
- Revolt of the Jats of Mathura against Aurangzeb, following the destruction of the temple of Mathura. Their leader Gokla is put to death and his family is forcibly converted to Islam 7 . Scattered to the south and east of Delhi , the Jats are a popular, low-caste warrior community of Scythian origin . Their society is strictly egalitarian.
- 19 مايو - The first persons executed in Sweden's Mora witch trial are put to death, with seven women and one man beheaded after being convicted of "abduction of children to Satan."
- May 31 - Samuel Pepys stops writing his diary.[5]
- 14 يونيو، الصين - Kangxi has one of his former regents arrested and another degraded . He orders the restitution of the lands seized by the Manchus from the Chinese.
- 20 يونيو - Beginning of the revolt of the Ainu , an indigenous population of northern Japan , led by Shakushain, called by the shogunal government the "revolt of Ezo" (1669-1672 ) . They are crushed by the Matsumae 4 clan .
- June 22 - Roux de Marsilly، accused of plotting the assassination of King Louis XIV of France، is publicly tortured in Paris، فرنسا.
- June 25 - François de Vendôme, Duke of Beaufort، disappears in battle, during the siege of Candia in Crete.
يوليو-سبتمبر
- يوليو - قوزاق ستينكا رازين يهاجمون أسطولاً فارسياً أمام الساحل الشرقي لـبحر قزوين.
- 13 يوليو - Trinh Tac، the warlord who administers the مملكة ڤيتنام، issues an order banning all foreign vessels from entering the harbor at Hanoi، requiring to anchor no closer than the river port at Pho Hien، 35 miles (56 km) down the Red River from Hanoi.
- 16 يوليو - A rockfall from the Mönchsberg mountain above Salzburg in Austria kills 230 people as tons of the mountainside fall onto a neighborhood on a street, the Gstättengasse.
- July 24 - During an attempt by a fleet of French Navy ships to stop the siege of Candia by bombardment of Ottoman positions on the island of Crete، the arsenal of gunpowder on the French flagship، the 56-gun warship Thérèse، catches fire and explodes. Out of 350 crew on the Thérèse, only seven survive. Demoralized, the remaining French commanders halt the bombardment and the fleet withdraws.
- July 25 - Pieter Bickel, a Lutheran pastor and a mountaineer in Austria, becomes the first person ever to climb to the peak of the tallest of the Southeastern Walsertal Mountains, the 8,310 feet (2,530 m) Großer Widderstein.
- يوليو - The Hanseatic League، after 400 years of operation, holds its last official meeting, taking place at the city of Lübeck. At its height, the economic alliance of German cities had 180 members; only nine (Lübeck, Hamburg, Bremen, Danzig, Braunschweig, Cologne, Hildesheim, Osnabrück and Rostock) are represented for the final gathering. [6] According to one author, the final series of meetings had started on May 29, 1669. [7]
- 17 أغسطس - A group of English settlers, led by Joseph West، departs from The Downs on the ship Carolina with instructions to make the first European settlement in what is now the U.S. state of South Carolina. After a long voyage with stops in Ireland and Barbados, the Carolina settlers arrive at Port Royal on March 17.
- 24 أغسطس - "The Man in the Iron Mask", a prisoner identified as "Eustache Dauger", arrives at the French fortress of Pignerol، with Bénigne Dauvergne de Saint-Mars in charge of his incarceration. Because the identity of the prisoner is kept secret with a cloth mask over his face, a legend begins that his facial covering is made of iron. Dauger's identity is never confirmed, but French novelist and historian theorizes in a 1965 book, Le Secret du Masque de fer, that Dauger was the older, illegitimate brother of France's King Louis XIV، punished for conspiracy against the crown.
- August 25 - The day after the verdicts at the Mora witch trial in Sweden، 14 women and one man are publicly beheaded after having confessed to various crimes involving the use of "enchanted tools" on behalf of the Devil. Another 47 persons convicted are taken away for a later execution.
- 6 سبتمبر - Francesco Morosini، capitano generale of the Venetian forces in the siege of Candia، surrenders to the Ottomans.
- September 23 - Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor grants the status and privileges of a university to the Jesuit Academy in زغرب، سلف جامعة زغرب الحديثة.
- 27 سبتمبر - pursuant to the Treaty ofSeptember 6between the Venetian military leader Morosini and the grand vizier Ahmed Köprülü , the city of Candia (now Heraklion ) came under the domination of the Ottoman Empire 19 along with all of Crete , except for the fortresses of Spinalonga (nearby Agios Nikolaos ), Souda (near Chania ) and Graboussa (north-west Crete and Kastelli (Kissamou) . It was the end of the Venetian colonial empire .
- 29 سبتمبر - The formal coronation of Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki as King of Poland (and Grand Duke of Lithuania takes place in Kraków.
أكتوبر-ديسمبر
- October 4 - Dutch painter Rembrandt van Rijn dies at the age of 63, after completing his final known work Self-Portrait at the Age of 63. Despite his wealth, is buried in an unmarked grave in Amsterdam's Westerkerk. After 20 years, his remains are removed and destroyed in accordance with church custom.
- October 6 - Moliere's comedy ballet Monsieur de Pourceaugnac (with music by Jean-Baptiste Lully and choreography by Pierre Beauchamp is performed for the first time, premiering at the Château of Chambord in Paris.
- October 9 - The English ship Nonsuch returns to London with the first products acquired from trade around Canada's Hudson Bay, a cargo of fine furs. The bounty from the Nonsuch expedition attracts investors for the soon-to-be-chartered Hudson's Bay Company.
- October 15 - The University of Innsbruck is chartered in Austria by Leopold I، Holy Roman Emperor. [8] After being reduced to a lesser function on November 29, 1781, it is rechartered in 1826.
- October 19 - The Parliament of Scotland holds its first new session in six years (although two Conventions of Estates had been held briefly in 1665 and 1667). The session is opened in Edinburgh by Charles II of England in his capacity as ملك اسكتلندة.
- October 29 - Ukrainian Cossack General Mykhailo Khanenko is defeated by Petro Doroshenko at the Battle of Stebliv after attempting to wrest control from Doroshenko of Ukraine's territory on the west side of the Dnieper River.
- 28 نوفمبر - In India, the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb learns of a rebellion of Hindu residents of in various parts of the Mathurá where he had given the order for the destruction of non-Muslim temples, with rioting in Mauza' Rewarah, Chandarkah, and Surkhrú. The Emperor's historian, Saqi Mustaid Khan, records Aurangzeb's dispatch of General Hasan 'Ali Khán to attack the rebels, and 300 of them are "sent to perdition" while the Mughals lose "many imperial soldiers". Another 250 surviving rebels are arrested. Kokilá Ját, leader of the rebels, is among the prisoners put to death a month later. [9]
- 8 ديسمبر - سلطنة بيما، الواقعة في جزيرة سومباوا الإندونيسية والتي كان يحكمها أبو الخير سراج الدين، تسلم سلطتها إلى شركة الهند الشرقية الهولندية، VOC.
- 9 ديسمبر - Pope Clement IX dies at the age of 69 after a reign of two and a half years.
- 13 ديسمبر - Jean Racine's five-act tragic play Britannicus is performed for the first time, premiering at the Hôtel de Bourgogne in Paris. The play continues to be performed more than 450 years later, including a 2011 version translated by Dr. Howard Rubenstein.
- 18 ديسمبر - The Battle of Cádiz begins off of the coast of the Spanish city as the English warship HMS Mary Rose encounters seven pirate ships من الجزائر. Although none of the ships on either side are sunk, the Algerines are forced to retreat with an unknown number of casualties, and the Mary Rose loses 12 dead and 18 wounded.
- 21 ديسمبر - A papal conclave that will last for four months begins in Rome to select a successor to Pope Clement IX, who had died 12 days earlier. At the opening, 54 of the 70 members of the College of Cardinals are present. At least 21 Cardinals are considered for the papacy before Emilio Altieri is selected on April 29 to become Pope Clement X.
مجهولة التاريخ
- الدولة العثمانية، بعد تجريدات متكررة، تتمكن من تنصيب پاشا في البصرة.
- Ottoman units burn the eastern part of Kolárovo.
- The French lose a fleet of nine ships armed with 2,500 men sent to India with the aim of driving out the Dutch. 500 survivors are repatriated by the Dutch.
- Shakushain's revolt breaks out in Hokkaido، Japan.
- The Chinese Kangxi Emperor allows coastal residents deported in the Great Clearance of 1662 to return home.
- Famine in Bengal kills 3 million people.
- Phosphorus is discovered by German alchemist Hennig Brand، the first chemical element to be discovered that was not known since ancient times.[10]
- Antonio Stradivari makes his first violin in Cremona.
- Okaya & Co. is founded as Sasaya, a trading company in Nagoya، Japan.
- The Chinese herbal medicine company Tong Ren Tang (同仁堂) تتأسس في بكين.
- بليز پاسكال's Pensées is posthumously published in Paris.
- Jan Swammerdam publishes his Algemeene Verhandeling van de bloedeloose dierkens, a groundbreaking work in microscopy، as well as entomology.
- The Orange College of Breda is wound up.
- جان پيكار يبدأ قياس 1 degree of Earth's meridian arc في فرنسا.
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حسب الموضوع
العلوم والتكنولوجيا
- 23 سبتمبر - Neoacademia Zagrabiensis ، الأكاديمية اليسوعية، يؤسسها الامبراطور ليوپولد الأول بصفته الملك الكرواتي.
- 15 أكتوبر - الامبراطور ليوپولد الأول يؤسس جامعة إنسبروك كجامعة كاملة بأربع كليات.
- گيورگ ماتويس فيشر ينشر his Archiducatus Austriae Superioris Descriptio facta Anno 1667 . هذه الخريطة أرشدوقية النمسا فوق الإنز بقيت الخريطة الرسمية لمدة قرن من الزمان.
- إسحاق نيوتن يخلف إإسحاق بارو]] كأستاذ في الكرسي اللوكاسي في كلية ترينيتي، جامعة كمبردج.
- الصيدلي والخيميائي الألماني هنيگ براند يكتشف الفسفور أثناء بحثه عن " حجر الفلاسفة " بتبخير البول حتى الجفاف.
- Gilles Personne de Roberval يخترع ميزان الطاولة.
الثقافة
- 6 أكتوبر - The ballet comedy Monsieur de Pourceaugnac by Molière , with music by Jean-Baptiste Lully and choreography by Pierre Beauchamp , is premiered at Chambord Castle in front of King Louis XIV and his court. The public premiere will take place on November 15th at the Palais Royal in Paris.
- 13 ديسمبر - The tragedy Britannicus by Jean Racine has its premiere at the Hôtel de Bourgogne in Paris. The play consists of 1768 alexandrines . The author dedicated it to the Duke of Chevreuse .
- Completion of the Kronprinzenpalais in Berlin
- The Indian poet Bidil deals with the nature of God, the plan of creation and the existence of man in his Persian-language work Ṭalasm-i ḫayrat ( The Talisman of Good Deeds).
مواليد
- January 20 - Susanna Wesley، mother of the John and Charles Wesley, known as mother of Methodism (ت. 1742)
- April 3 - Jean-Baptiste Forqueray، French musician (ت. 1722)
- May 24 - Emerentia von Düben، Swedish royal favorite (ت. 1743)
- May 26 - Sébastien Vaillant، French botanist (ت. 1722)
- July 30 - Eudoxia Lopukhina، first wife of Peter I of Russia (ت. 1731)
- August 27 - Anne Marie d'Orléans، Queen of Sicily and Sardinia (ت. 1728)
- August 29 - John Anstis، English herald (ت. 1744)
- October 19 - Count Wirich Philipp von Daun، Austrian military leader (ت. 1741)
- December 16 - Arnold Boonen، Dutch portrait painter (ت. 1729)
- مجهولة التاريخ
- Alessio Erardi، Maltese painter (ت. 1727)[11]
- Jiang Tingxi، Chinese painter (ت. 1732)
- Elżbieta Sieniawska، politically influential Polish magnate (ت. 1729)
- probable - Peter King, 1st Baron King، Lord Chancellor of England (ت. 1734)
وفيات
- January 27 - Gaspar de Crayer، Flemish painter (و. 1584)
- February 3 - Catharina Questiers، Dutch poet (و. 1631)
- February 13 - Peter Venables، English politician (و. 1604)
- February 23 - Lieuwe van Aitzema، Dutch historian and statesman (و. 1600)
- March 10 - John Denham، English poet (و. 1615)
- March 12 - Cornelis Jan Witsen، Mayor of Amsterdam (و. 1605)
- March 17 - Willem van der Zaan، Dutch admiral (و. 1621)
- March 23 - Philipp Buchner، German composer (و. 1614)
- March 25 - Sir Lionel Tollemache, 3rd Baronet، English baronet (و. 1624)
- April 4 - Johann Michael Moscherosch، German statesman, satirist (و. 1601)
- April 5 - Nabeshima Naozumi، Japanese daimyō (و. 1616)
- April 12 - Abdias Treu، German mathematician and academic (و. 1597)
- April 22 - Friedrich Wilhelm II, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg (1639–1669) (و. 1603)
- April 23 - Johannes Canuti Lenaeus، archbishop of Uppsala, Sweden (و. 1573)
- April 27 - Richard Treat، American city founder (و. 1584)
- May 1 - Isaac Thornton، English politician (و. 1615)
- May 14 - Georges de Scudéry، French writer (و. 1601)
- May 16 - Pietro da Cortona، Italian artist (و. 1596)
- June 25 - François de Vendôme, Duke of Beaufort، French soldier (و. 1616)
- July 16 - Thomas Howard, 1st Earl of Berkshire، English politician (و. 1587)
- July 29 - Josias II, Count of Waldeck-Wildungen، major general in Brunswick and co-ruler of Waldeck-Wildungen (و. 1636)
- August 18 - William Gawdy، English politician (و. 1612)
- August 28 - Sir William Drake, 1st Baronet، English politician (و. 1606)
- September 3 - Esteban Manuel de Villegas، Spanish poet (و. 1589)
- September 10 - Henrietta Maria of France، queen of Charles I of England (و. 1609)
- September 28 - Pierre Le Muet، French architect (و. 1591)
- October 4 - Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn، Dutch painter (و. 1606)
- October 9 - Richard Strode، English politician (و. 1584)
- October 14 - Antonio Cesti، Italian composer (و. 1623)
- October 16 - John Trapp، English theologian (و. 1601)
- October 19
- Domenico Fiasella، Italian painter (و. 1589)
- Matthias Sention, Sr.، Connecticut settler (و. 1601)
- October 24 - William Prynne، English Puritan leader (و. 1600)
- November 3 - Charles Drelincourt، French Protestant divine (و. 1595)
- November 4 - Johannes Cocceius، Dutch theologian (و. 1603)
- November 7 - Lebrecht, Prince of Anhalt-Köthen، German prince of the House of Ascania (و. 1622)
- November 10 - Elisabeth Pepys، English wife of Samuel Pepys (و. 1640)
- December 9 - Pope Clement IX (و. 1600)
- December 11 - Anna Maria of Mecklenburg-Schwerin، consort of Augustus, Duke of Saxe-Weissenfels (و. 1627)
- December 13 - Thomas Dyke، English politician (و. 1619)
- December 16 - Nathaniel Fiennes، English politician (و. c. 1608)
- December 18 - Johann Philipp of Hanau-Lichtenberg، German nobleman (و. 1626)
- December 25 - George William, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld (و. 1591)
- December 31 - Bogusław Radziwiłł، Polish-Lithuanian noble (و. 1620)
المراجع
- ^ David Cordingly, Under the Black Flag: The Romance and Reality of Life Among the Pirates (Random House, 1996) p. 48
- ^ Christiane Aulanier, Le Pavillon de Flore (Editions des Musées Nationaux, 1971) p. 20
- ^ Alfred Rupert Hall, Isaac Newton: Adventurer in Thought (Cambridge University Press, 1996) p. 67
- ^ "Mount Etna | Eruptions, History, & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 7 April 2019.
- ^ "Pepys' last words". The Telegraph. 31 May 2016. Retrieved 13 June 2018.
- ^ Dieter Zimmerling, The Hanseatic League: Trading Power under the Sign of the Cog (Heyne, 1978)
- ^ Werner Scheltjens, North Eurasian Trade in World History, 1660–1860: The Economic and Political Importance of the Baltic Sea (Taylor & Francis, 2021)
- ^ "History of the University of Innsbruck", University of Innsbruck website
- ^ Jadunath Sarkar, ed., Maasir-i-Alamgiri: A History Of Emperor Aurangzeb by ساقي مستعد خان (Longmans, Green and Company, 1947) p. 60
- ^ Weeks, Mary Elvira (1932). "The discovery of the elements. II. Elements known to the alchemists". Journal of Chemical Education. 9 (1): 11. Bibcode:1932JChEd...9...11W. doi:10.1021/ed009p11.
- ^ Schiavone, Michael J. (2009). Dictionary of Maltese Biographies Vol. 1 A–F. Pietà: Pubblikazzjonijiet Indipendenza. p. 755. ISBN 9789993291329.