قائمة سلاطين الدولة العثمانية

سلطان الدولة العثمانية
Imperial
درع الدولة العثمانية
السلاطين العثمانيون من عثمان الأول إلى محمد الخامس
التفاصيل
الأسلوب	صاحب الجلالة السلطانية
أول عاهل	عثمان الأول
آخر عاهل	محمد السادس
التشكيل	1299
الإلغاء	1922
المقر	قصور في إسطنبول: طوپ قپو (1460s–1853) ضولمابهچه (1853–89) يلدز (1889–1909) ضولمابهچه (1909–22)
المعيـِّن	وراثية

العثمانيون، آل عثمان، الأتراك: سلالة تركية حكمت في الأناضول والبلقان وفي أراض واسعة أخرى، ما بين سنوات 1280-1922.

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 قائمة السلاطين

الراية السلطانية العثمانية

السلطان المخلوع (خط غامق) → هو السلطان الذي لم تنته فترة حكمه بالموت الطبيعي

#	السلطان	صورة	بداية الحكم	نهاية الحكم	الطغراء	ملاحظات
1	عثمان الأول		c. 1299	c. 1324	—	Son of Ertuğrul Bey; Reigned until his death.
2	اورخان		c. 1324	c. 1360		Son of Osman I and Mal Hatun; Reigned until his death.
3	مراد الأول Hüdavendigar		c. 1360	1389		Son of Orhan and Nilüfer Hatun; Reigned until his death; Killed on the battlefield at the Battle of Kosovo.
4	بايزيد الأول الصاعقة		1389	1402		ابن مراد الأول وGülçiçek Hatun; Captured on the battlefield at the Battle of Ankara (de facto end of reign); Died in captivity in Akşehir on 8 March 1403.
Ottoman Interregnum (1402–1413)
5	محمد الأول		1413	1421		ابن بايزيد الأول Devlet Hatun; Reigned until his death.
6	مراد الثاني		1421	1444		Son of Mehmed I and Emine Hatun; Abdicated of his own free will in favour of his son Mehmed II.
7	محمد الثاني the Conqueror		1444	1446		ابن مراد الثاني وHüma Hatun; Surrendered the throne to his father after having asked him to return to power.
—	مراد الثاني		1446	3 فبراير 1451		Second reign; Forced to return to the throne following a Janissary revolt; Reigned until his death.
—	محمد الثاني the Conqueror		3 فبراير 1451	3 مايو 1481		الفترة الثانية; Captured Constantinople in 1453; حكم حتى وفاته.
8	بايزيد الثاني		19 مايو 1481	25 ابريل 1512		ابن محمد الثاني و Mükrime Hatun; نزل عن العرش; Died near Didymoteicho on 26 May 1512.
9	سليم الأول the Grim		25 ابريل 1512	21 سبتمبر 1520		ابن بايزيد الثاني وجلبهار سلطان; حكم حتى وفاته.
10	سليمان الأول القانوني or the Lawgiver		30 سبتمبر 1520	6 أو 7 سبتمبر 1566		ابن سليم الأول و حفيظة خاتون; حكم حتى وفاته.
11	سليم الثاني the Sot		29 September 1566	21 December 1574		Son of Suleiman I and Hürrem Sultan (Roxelana); حكم حتى وفاته.
12	مراد الثالث		22 ديسمبر 1574	16 يناير 1595		Son of Selim II and Nur Banu Sultan; حكم حتى وفاته.
13	محمد الثالث		27 يناير 1595	20 أو 21 ديسمبر 1603		Son of Murad III and صفيه سلطان; حكم حتى وفاته; Assassinated.
14	أحمد الأول		21 ديسمبر 1603	22 نوفمبر 1617		Son of Mehmed III and Handan Sultan; حكم حتى وفاته.
15	مصطفى الأول		22 نوفمبر 1617	26 فبراير 1618		ابن محمد الثالث وامرأة غير معروفة; خلع iابن أخيه الصغير عثمان الثاني.
16	عثمان الثاني		26 فبراير 1618	19 مايو 1622		Son of Ahmed I and Mahfiruz Sultan; حكم حتى وفاته; Assassinated by the Janissaries.
—	مصطفى الأول		20 مايو 1622	10 سبتمبر 1623		Second reign; عاد الى العرش بعد اغتيال ابن اخيه; Deposed and confined until his death in Istanbul on 20 January 1639.
17	مراد الرابع		10 سبتمبر 1623	8 أو 9 فبراير 1640		Son of Ahmed I and Kösem Sultan (Mahpeyker); حكم حتى وفاته.
18	ابراهيم		9 فبراير 1640	8 اغسطس 1648		Son of Ahmed I and Kösem Sultan (Mahpeyker); خلع في انقلاب قاده Grand Mufti; Assassinated in Istanbul on 18 August 1648.
19	محمد الرابع		8 اغسطس 1648	8 نوفمبر 1687		Son of Ibrahim and Hatice Turhan Sultan; Deposed following the Ottoman defeat at the Battle of Mohács; توفي في Edirne في 6 يناير 1693.
20	سليمان الثاني		8 نوفمبر 1687	22 يونيو 1691		ابن ابراهيم وSaliha Dilâşub Sultan; Reigned until his death.
21	أحمد الثاني		22 يونيو 1691	6 فبراير 1695		ابن ابراهيم وخديجة معزز سلطان; Reigned until his death.
22	مصطفى الثاني		6 فبراير 1695	22 اغسطس 1703		ابن محمد الرابع وأمة الله ربيعة گول‌نوش سلطان؛ خلع في تمرد الإنكشاري; Died in Istanbul on 8 January 1704.
23	أحمد الثالث		22 اغسطس 1703	1 أو 2 اكتوبر 1730		ابن محمد الرابع وأمة الله ربيعة گول‌نوش سلطان؛ خـُلِع في تمرد الانكشارية بقيادة پاترونا خليل; Died on 1 July 1736.
24	محمود الأول		2 اكتوبر 1730	13 ديسمبر 1754		ابن مصطفى الثاني وصالحة سلطان; Reigned until his death.
25	عثمان الثالث		13 December 1754	29 أو 30 اكتوبر 1757		Son of Mustafa II and Şehsuvar Sultan; حكم حتى وفاته.
26	مصطفى الثالث		30 اكتوبر 1757	21 يناير 1774		Son of Ahmed III and Mihrimah Sultan; حكم حتى وفاته.
27	عبد الحميد		21 يناير 1774	6 أو 7 ابريل 1789		ابن أحمد الثاني وRabiâ Sultan; حكم حتىوفاته.
28	سليم الثالث		7 ابريل 1789	29 مايو 1807		Son of Mustafa III and Mihrişah Sultan; Deposed in a Janissary revolt due to his reforms; Assassinated in Istanbul on 28 July 1808.
29	مصطفى الرابع		29 مايو 1807	28 يوليو 1808		Son of Abdülhamid I and Ayşe Sine (Seniye Perver Sultan); خلع في تمرد قاده Alemdar Mustafa Pasha; Executed in Istanbul on 17 November 1808.
30	محمود الثاني		28 يوليو 1808	1 يوليو 1839		Son of Abdülhamid I and Nakşidil Sultan; Disbanded the Janissaries in 1826; حكم حتى وفاته.
31	عبد المجيد الأول		1 يوليو 1839	25 يونيو 1861		Son of Mahmud II and Bezmialem Sultan; حكم حتى وفاته.
32	عبد العزيز		25 يونيو 1861	30 مايو 1876		Son of Mahmud II and Sultana Pertevniyal; خلع على يد وزراؤه; Found dead (suicide or murder) five days later.
33	مراد الخامس		30 مايو 1876	31 اغسطس 1876		Son of Abdülmecid I and Şevkefza Sultan; خلع بسبب مرضه; Ordered to reside in Çırağan Palace where he died on 29 August 1904.
34	عبد الحميد الثاني		31 اغسطس 1876	27 ابريل 1909		Son of Abdülmecid I and Tirimüjgan Sultan; Constitutional rule established, suspended then restored; Deposed after the 31 March Incident; Confined to Beylerbeyi Palace where he died on 10 February 1918.
35	محمد الخامس		27 ابريل 1909	3 يوليو 1918		ابن عبد المجيد الأول وگول‌جمال سلطان; Reigned as a figurehead until his death.
36	محمد السادس		4 يوليو 1918	1 نوفمبر 1922		ابن عبد المجيد الأول وGülistan Sultan; السلطنة ألغيت; غادر اسطنبول في 17 نوفمبر 1922؛ Died in exile in Sanremo, إيطاليا on 16 May 1926.
حل الدولة العثمانية (1922–1923)
—	عبد المجيد الثاني (خليفة فقط)		18 نوفمبر 1922	3 مارس 1924	—	ابن عبد العزيز وHayranıdil Kadınefendi; اُنتـُخِب خليفة من قِبل الجمعية الوطنية الكبرى لتركيا; نُـفِي بعد إلغاء الخلافة؛ توفي في باريس، فرنسا في 23 أغسطس 1944.

 انظر أيضا

• العثمانيون
• شجرة العائلة العثماينة
• Line of succession to the Ottoman throne
• List of Valide Sultans

 الهوامش

a^1 2 : The full style of the Ottoman ruler was complex, as it was composed of several titles and evolved over the centuries. The title of sultan was used continuously by all rulers almost from the beginning. However, because it was widespread in the Muslim world, the Ottomans quickly adopted variations of it to dissociate themselves from other Muslim rulers of lesser status. Murad I, the third Ottoman monarch, styled himself sultan-i azam (the most exalted sultan) and hüdavendigar (emperor), titles used by the Anatolian Seljuqs and the Mongol Ilkhanids respectively. His son Bayezid I adopted the style Sultan of Rûm, Rûm being an old islamic name for Anatolia. The combining of the Islamic and Central Asian heritages of the Ottomans led to the adoption of the title that became the standard designation of the Ottoman ruler: Sultan [Name] Khan. Ironically, although the title of sultan is most often associated in the Western world with the Ottomans, people within Turkey generally use the title of padishah far more frequently when referring to rulers of the Ottoman Dynasty. The full style of the Ottoman sultan once the empire's frontiers had stabilized became:

"Sovereign of The Osman Family, Sultan es Selatin (Sultan of Sultans), Khakhan (Khan of the Khans), Caliph of the Faithful, Servant of the Cities of Mecca, Medina and Kouds (Jerusalem), Padishah of The Three Cities of Istanbul (Constantinople), Edirne (Adrianople) and Bursa, and of the Cities of Châm (Damascus) and Misr (Egypt), of all Azerbaijan, of Mägris, of Barkah, of Kairouan, of Alep, of Iraq, of Arabia and of Ajim, of Basra, of El Hasa, of Dilen, of Raka, of Mosul, of Parthia, of Diyarbakir, of Cilicia, of the Vilayets of Erzurum, of Sivas, of Adana, of Karaman, of Van, of Barbaria, of Habech (Abyssinia), of Tunisia, of Tyrabolos (Tripoli), of Châm (Syria), of Kybris (Cyprus), of Rhodes, of Candia (Crete), of the Vilayet of Morea (Peloponnese), of Ak Deniz (Mediterranean Sea), of Kara Deniz (Black Sea), of Anatolia, of Rumelia (the European part of the Empire), of Bagdad, of Kurdistan, of Greece, of Turkestan, of Tartary, of Circassia, of the two regions of Kabarda, of Gorjestan (Georgia), of the plain of Kypshak, of the whole country of the Tartars, of Kefa (Feodosiya) and of all the neighbouring countries, of Bosnia and dependancies, of the City of Belgrade, of the Vilayet of Serf (Serbia), with all the castles and cities, of all the Arnaut Vilayet (Albania), of all Iflak (Wallachia) and Bogdania (Moldavia), as well as all the dependancies and borders, and many others countries and cities"

b^ : The Ottoman Caliphate was one of the most important positions held by rulers of the Ottoman Dynasty. The caliphate symbolized their spiritual power, whereas the sultanate represented their temporal power. According to Ottoman historiography, Selim I acquired the title of caliph during his conquest of Egypt in 1517, after the last Abbasid in Cairo, Al-Mutawakkil III, relinquished the caliphate to him. However, the general consensus among modern scholars is that this transference of the caliphate was a fabricated myth invented in the 18th century when the idea of an Ottoman Caliphate became useful to bolster waning military power. In fact, Ottoman rulers had used the title of caliph before the conquest of Egypt, as early as Murad I. It is currently agreed that the caliphate "disappeared" for two-and-a-half centuries, before being revived with the Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca, signed between the Ottoman Empire and Catherine II of Russia in 1774. The treaty was highly symbolic, since it marked the first international recognition of the Ottomans' claim to the caliphate. Although the treaty officialised the Ottoman Empire's loss of the Crimean Khanate, it acknowledged the Ottoman caliph's continuing religious authority over Muslims in Russia. From the 18th century onwards, Ottoman sultans increasingly emphasized their status as caliphs in order to stir Pan-Islamist sentiments among the empire's Muslims in the face of encroaching European imperialism. When الحرب العالمية الأولى broke out, the sultan/caliph issued a call for jihad in 1914 against the Ottoman Empire's Allied enemies, vainly inciting the subjects of the French, British and Russian empires to revolt. Abdülhamid II was by far the Ottoman sultan who made the most use of his caliphal position, and was recognized as caliph by many Muslim heads of state, even as far away as Sumatra. He had his claim to the title inserted into the 1876 Constitution (Article 4).

c^1 2 : Tughras were used by 35 out of 36 Ottoman sultans, starting with Orhan in the 14th century, whose tughra has been found on two different documents. No tughra bearing the name of Osman I, the founder of the empire, has ever been discovered, although a coin with the inscription "Osman bin Ertuğrul bin Gündüz Alp" has been identified. Abdülmecid II, the last Ottoman caliph, also lacked a tughra of his own, since he did not serve as head of state (that position being held by Mustafa Kemal, President of the newly founded Republic of Turkey) but as a mere religious figurehead.

d^ : The Ottoman Interregnum, also known as the Ottoman Triumvirate (تركية: Fetret Devri), was a period of chaos in the Ottoman Empire which lasted from 1402 to 1413. It started following the defeat and capture of Bayezid I by the Turco-Mongol warlord Tamerlane at the Battle of Ankara, which was fought on 20 July 1402. Bayezid's sons fought each other for over a decade, until Mehmed I emerged as the undisputed victor in 1413.

e^ : The dissolution of the Ottoman Empire was a gradual process which started with the abolition of the sultanate and ended with that of the caliphate 16 months later. The sultanate was formally abolished on 1 November 1922. Sultan Mehmed VI fled to Malta on 17 November aboard the British warship Malaya. This event marked the end of the Ottoman Dynasty, not of the Ottoman State nor of the Ottoman Caliphate. On 18 November, the Grand National Assembly (TBMM) elected Mehmed VI's cousin Abdülmecid II, the then crown prince, as caliph. The official end of the Ottoman State was declared through the Treaty of Lausanne (24 July 1923), which recognized the new "Ankara government," and not the old Istanbul-based Ottoman government, as representing the rightful owner and successor state. The Republic of Turkey was proclaimed by the TBMM on 29 October 1923, with Mustafa Kemal as its first President. Although Abdülmecid II was a figurehead lacking any political power, he remained in his position of caliph until the office of the caliphate was abolished by the TBMM on 3 March 1924. Mehmed VI later tried unsuccessfully to reinstall himself as caliph in the Hejaz.

 بيليوگرافيا

• As̜iroğlu, Orhan Gâzi (1992). Son halife, Abdülmecid. Tarihin şahitleri dizisi (in Turkish). Istanbul: Burak Yayınevi. ISBN 9789757645177. OCLC 32085609.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
• Duran, Tülay (1999). Padişah Portreleri (Portraits of the Ottoman Empire's Sultans) (in Turkish). Sirkeci: Association of Historical Research and Istanbul Research Centre. ISBN 9789756926079. OCLC 248496159.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
• Findley, Carter V. (2005). The Turks in World History. New York: Oxford University Press US. ISBN 9780195177268. OCLC 54529318. Retrieved 2009-04-29.
• Glazer, Steven A. (1996) [Research completed January 1995]. "Chapter 1: Historical Setting". In Metz, Helen Chapin (ed.). A Country Study: Turkey. Country Studies (5th ed.). Washington, D.C.: Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress. ISBN 9780844408644. OCLC 33898522. Retrieved 2009-04-22.
• Kafadar, Cemal (1996). Between Two Worlds: The Construction of the Ottoman State. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. ISBN 9780520206007. OCLC 55849447. Retrieved 2009-04-18.
• Karateke, Hakan T. (2005). "Who is the Next Ottoman Sultan? Attempts to Change the Rule of Succession during the Nineteenth Century". In Weismann, Itzchak; Zachs, Fruma (eds.). Ottoman Reform and Muslim Regeneration: Studies in Honour of Butrus Abu-Manneb. London: I. B. Tauris. ISBN 9781850437574. OCLC 60416792. Retrieved 2009-05-02.
• d'Osman Han, Nadine Sultana (2001). The Legacy of Sultan Abdulhamid II: Memoirs and Biography of Sultan Selim bin Hamid Han. Foreword by Manoutchehr M. Eskandari-Qajar. Santa Fe, NM: Sultana Pub. OCLC 70659193. Retrieved 2009-05-02.
• Peirce, Leslie P. (1993). The Imperial Harem: Women and Sovereignty in the Ottoman Empire. New York: Oxford University Press US. ISBN 9780195086775. OCLC 243767445. Retrieved 2009-04-19.
• Quataert, Donald (2005). The Ottoman Empire, 1700–1922 (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521839105. OCLC 59280221. Retrieved 2009-04-18.
• Stavrides, Theoharis (2001). The Sultan of Vezirs: The Life and Times of the Ottoman Grand Vezir Mahmud Pasha Angelović (1453–1474). Leiden: BRILL. ISBN 9789004121065. OCLC 46640850. Retrieved 2009-04-18.
• Sugar, Peter F. (1993). Southeastern Europe under Ottoman Rule, 1354–1804 (3rd ed.). Seattle: University of Washington Press. ISBN 9780295960333. OCLC 34219399. Retrieved 2009-04-18.
• Toprak, Binnaz (1981). Islam and Political Development in Turkey. Leiden: BRILL. ISBN 9789004064713. OCLC 8258992. Retrieved 2009-04-19.
• Toynbee, Arnold J. (1974). "The Ottoman Empire's Place in World History". In Karpat, Kemal H. (ed.). The Ottoman State and Its Place in World History. Social, Economic and Political Studies of the Middle East. Vol. 11. Leiden: BRILL. ISBN 9789004039452. OCLC 1318483. Retrieved 2009-05-02.

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 وصلات خارجية

• "Website of the 700th Anniversary of the Ottoman Empire". Retrieved 2009-02-06.
• "Official website of the immediate living descendants of the Ottoman Dynasty". Retrieved 2009-02-06.

— بيت ملكي — الأسرة العثمانية
منصب مستحدث	حكام الدولة العثمانية 1299–1922	{{{reason}}}
ألقاب إسلامية سنية
سبقه الخلافة العباسية (في القاهرة)	حاملو الخلافة 1517–1924	شاغر اللقب حمله بعد ذلك الحسين بن علي، شريف مكة