قائمة الأباطرة الرومان
(تم التحويل من الأباطرة الرومان)
هذه هي قائمة بالأباطرة الرومان الذين تولوا حكم الإمبراطورية الرومانية وتم تقسيمهم تبعا لفترات توليهم الحكم أو لزوال الإمبراطورية الرومانية الغربية أو الإمبراطورية الرومانية الشرقية ، وحتى أخر إمبراطور روماني ينطق اللاتينية وهو الإمبراطور جستنيان الأول سنة 565. [1]
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الأسرة اليوليو-كلاودية
| حكم | الاسم الشائع ومحل الميلاد | پورتريه | الاسم الشخصي واللقب عند المولد/ عند إعتلاء العرش |
الاسم الإمبراطوري | ملاحظات |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 16 يناير 27 BC to 19 أغسطس AD 14 | أغسطس روما |
|
گايوس اوكتاڤيوس گايوس يوليوس CAESAR OCTAVIANVS IMPERATOR CAESAR DIVI FILIVS |
IMPERATOR CAESAR DIVI FILIVS AVGVSTVS | 12BC: Pontifex Maximus Possible assassinated by poisoning |
| 19 أغسطس 14 to 16 مارس 37 | تيبريوس روما |
|
TIBERIVS CLAVDIVS NERO TIBERIVS IVLIVS CAESAR |
TIBERIVS CAESAR AVGVSTVS | 15: Pontifex Maximus Possible assassinated by suffocation |
| 18 March 37 to 24 January 41 | Caligula Antium, إيطاليا |
|
GAIVS IVLIVS CAESAR GERMANICVS GAIVS CAESAR AVGVSTVS GERMANICVS CALIGVLA |
GAIVS CAESAR AVGVSTVS GERMANICVS | Nickname Caligula, (Little-boots); 37: Pontifex Maximus, Pater Patriae; Assassinated |
| 24 January 41 to 13 October 54 | Claudius Lugdunum, Gallia Lugdunensis |
|
TIBERIVS CLAVDIVS DRVSVS TIBERIVS CLAVDIVS DRVSVS NERO GERMANICVS |
TIBERIVS CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVGVSTVS GERMANICVS PONTIFEX MAXIMVS | 42: Pater Patriae; Suggested assassinated by poisoning |
| October 54 to 11 June 68 | Nero Antium, Italia |
|
LVCIVS DOMITIVS AHENOBARBVS NERO CLAVDIVS CAESAR DRVSVS GERMANICVS |
NERO CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVGVSTVS GERMANICVS | 55: Pontifex Maximus; later Pater Patriae; Committed suicide |
| (from summer AD66):- IMPERATOR NERO CLAVDIVS CAESAR AVGVSTVS GERMANICVS |
سنة الأباطرة الأربعة
مقالة مفصلة: سنة الأباطرة الأربعة
| حكم | الاسم الشائع ومحل الميلاد | پورتريه | الاسم الشخصي واللقب عند المولد/ عند إعتلاء العرش |
الاسم الإمبراطوري | ملاحظات |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 8 June 68 to 15 يناير 69 | Galba near Terracina, Italia |
|
SERVIVS SVLPICIVS GALBA | SERVIVS GALBA IMPERATOR CAESAR AVGVSTVS | قتله اوثو; طالع: سنة الأباطرة الأربعة |
| 15 January 69 to 16 April 69 | Otho Ferentinum, Etruria, Italia |
|
MARCVS SALVIVS OTHO | IMPERATOR MARCVS OTHO CAESAR AVGVSTVS | انتحر; طالع: سنة الأباطرة الأربعة |
| 17 April 69 to 20 ديسمبر 69 | Vitellius روما |
|
AVLVS VITELLIVS | AVLVS VITELLIVS GERMANICVS IMPERATOR AVGVSTVS | إمبراطور-مشارك; اُغتيل في الفورم; طالع: سنة الأباطرة الأربعة |
الأسرة الفلاڤية
- مقالة مفصلة: الأسرة الفلاڤية
| حكم | الاسم الشائع ومحل الميلاد | پورتريه | الاسم الشخصي واللقب عند المولد/ عند إعتلاء العرش |
الاسم الإمبراطوري | ملاحظات |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 July 69 to 24 June 79 | Vespasian Falacrine, Italia |
|
TITVS FLAVIVS VESPASIANVS | IMPERATOR VESPASIANVS CAESAR AVGVSTVS | 70: Pontifex Maximus Pater Patriae co-emperor; see: Year of the four emperors |
| 24 June 79 to 13 September 81 | Titus Rome |
|
TITVS FLAVIVS VESPASIANVS TITVS CAESAR VESPASIANVS |
IMPERATOR TITVS CAESAR VESPASIANVS AVGVSTVS | 70: Pontifex Maximus Pater Patriae |
| from August 69 IMPERATOR TITVS CAESAR VESPASIANVS AVGVSTVS | |||||
| 14 September 81 to 18 September 96 | Domitian Rome |
|
TITVS FLAVIVS DOMITIANVS CAESAR DOMITIANVS |
IMPERATOR CAESAR DOMITIANVS AVGVSTVS, PONTIFEX MAXIMVS PATER PATRIAE | late 83: Germanicus; assassinated |
الأباطرة الجيدون الخمسة
- مقالة مفصلة: الأباطرة الجيدون الخمسة
| حكم | الاسم الشائع ومحل الميلاد | پورتريه | الاسم الشخصي واللقب عند المولد/ عند إعتلاء العرش |
الاسم الإمبراطوري | ملاحظات |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 18 September 96 to 27 January 98 | Nerva Narni (?), Italia |
|
MARCVS COCCEIVS NERVA | IMPERATOR NERVA CAESAR AVGVSTVS, PATER PATRIAE | buried in the Mausoleum of Augustus, the final emperor consecrated there |
| 28 January 98 to 7 August 117 | Trajan Italica, Hispania Baetica |
|
MARCVS VLPIVS TRAIANVS MARCVS VLPIVS NERVA TRAIANVS GERMANICVS |
IMPERATOR CAESAR DIVI NERVAE FILIVS NERVA TRAIANVS GERMANICVS AVGVSTVS | 98: Pater Patriae; 102: Dacicus; 114: Parthicus; Aug/Sep 114: Optimus |
| 11 August 117 to 10 July 138 | Hadrian Italica, Hispania Baetica (?) / Rome (?) |
|
PVBLIVS AELIVS HADRIANVS PVBLIVS AELIVS TRAIANVS HADRIANVS |
IMPERATOR CAESAR TRAIANVS HADRIANVS AVGVSTVS PONTIFEX MAXIMVS | |
| 10 July 138 to 7 March 161 | Antoninus Pius near Lanuvium, Italia |
|
TITVS AVRELIVS FVLVVS BOIONIVS ARRIVS ANTONINVS IMPERATOR TITVS AELIVS CAESAR ANTONINVS |
IMPERATOR CAESAR TITVS AELIVS HADRIANVS ANTONINVS AVGVSTVS PONTIFEX MAXIMVS | post7 March 161: Pius; 139: Pater Patriae |
| 143 | Acclaimed emperor a second time | ||||
| 7 March 161 to 17 March 180 | Marcus Aurelius Rome (?) / Ucubi, Hispania Baetica (?) |
|
MARCVS ANNIVS VERVS AVRELIVS CAESAR AVGVSTI PII FILIVS |
IMPERATOR CAESAR MARCVS AVRELIVS ANTONINVS AVGVSTVS PONTIFEX MAXIMVS | co-emperor with Lucius Verus to March 169; 164: Armeniacus Medicus Parthicus Maximus; 166: Pater Patriae; 172: Germanicus; 175: Sarmaticus |
| 7 March 161 to March 169 | Lucius Verus Rome |
|
LVCIVS CEIONIVS COMMODVS LVCIVS AELIVS AVRELIVS COMMODVS |
IMPERATOR CAESAR LVCIVS AVRELIVS VERVS AVGVSTVS | Co-emperor with Marcus Aurelius164: Armeniacus; 165: Parthicus Maximus; 166: Medicus, Pater Patriae |
| 175 | Avidius Cassius Cyrrhus, Syria |
GAIVS AVIDIVS CASSIVS | Usurper; proclaimed emperor: ruled in Egypt and Syria; murdered by a centurion | ||
| 177 to 31 December 192 | Commodus Lanuvium, Italia |
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LVCIVS AVRELIVS COMMODVS ANTONINVS LVCIVS AVRELIVS COMMODVS CAESAR ANTONINVS |
IMPERATOR CAESAR LVCIVS AVRELIVS COMMODVS AVGVSTVS PATER PATRIAE | Co-emperor with Marcus Aurelius to 17 March 180; |
| from 180 | IMPERATOR CAESAR LVCIVS AVRELIVS COMMODVS ANTONINVS AVGVSTVS PONTIFEX MAXIMVS PATER PATRIAE | Sole emperor. Murdered: strangled by a wrestler |
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الأسرة السڤرية
- مقالة مفصلة: شجرة عائلة الأسرة السڤرية
| حكم | الاسم الشائع ومحل الميلاد | پورتريه | الاسم الشخصي واللقب عند المولد/ عند إعتلاء العرش |
الاسم الإمبراطوري | ملاحظات |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 January 193 to 28 March 193 | Pertinax Alba, Italia |
|
PVBLIVS HELVIVS PERTINAX | IMPERATOR CAESAR PVBLIVS HELVIVS PERTINAX AVGVSTVS | recognized as emperor by Septimius Severus; murdered by soldiers on the Palatine |
| 28 March 193 to 1 June 193 | Didius Julianus Milan, Italia |
|
MARCVS DIDIVS SEVERVS IVLIANVS | IMPERATOR CAESAR MARCVS DIDIVS SEVERVS IVLIANVS AVGVSTVS | Sentenced to death by the Senate; murdered on the Palatine |
| 9 April 193 to 4 February 211 | Septimius Severus Leptis Magna, Africa |
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LVCIVS SEPTIMIVS SEVERVS | IMPERATOR CAESAR LVCIVS SEPTIMVS SEVERVS PERTINAX AVGVSTVS PROCONSVL | 9 June 193: Pontifex Maximus; late193: Pater Patriae; 195: Divi Marci Pii filius Divi Commodi Frater; Pius; Arabicus, Adiabenicus; 198: Parthicus Maximus; 209/210: Britannicus Maximus |
| 193 to 194/195 | Pescennius Niger ?, Italia |
|
GAIVS PESCENNIVS NIGER | Claimant: emperor in Syria | |
| 193/195 to 197 | Clodius Albinus ?, Africa |
|
DECIMVS CLODIVS SEPTIMIVS ALBINVS | Claimant: emperor in Britain | |
| 198 to 4 April 217 | Caracalla Lugdunum, Gallia Lugdunensis |
|
LVCIVS SEPTIMIVS BASSIANVS CARACALLA |
IMPERATOR CAESAR MARCVS AVRELIVS SEVERVS ANTONINVS PIVS AVGVSTVS | 199: Pater Patriae; 200: Pius Felix; 209/210: Britannicus Maximus |
| 4 February 211 to 8 February 217 | IMPERATOR CAESAR MARCVS AVRELIVS ANTONINVS AVGVSTVS PATER PATRIAE BRITANNICVS MAXIMVS PROCONSVL | 213: Germanicus Maximus; Murdered by Macrinus | |||
| 209 to 4 February 211 | Geta Rome |
|
PVBLIVS SEPTIMVS GETA | Murdered by Caracalla | |
| 4 February 211 to December 211 | IMPERATOR CAESAR PVBLIVS SEPTIMIVS GETA AVGVSTVS | ||||
| 11 April 217 to June 218 | Macrinus Iol Caesarea, Mauretania |
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MARCVS OPELLIVS MACRINVS | IMPERATOR MARCVS OPELLIVS SEVERVS MACRINVS AVGVSTVS PIVS FELIX PROCONSVL | ?June 217: Pater Patriae; Pontifex Maximus; Executed |
| May 217 to June 218 | Diadumenian ? |
|
MARCVS OPELLIVS DIADVMENIANVS | IMPERATOR MARCVS OPELLIVS ANTONINVS DIADVMENIANVS CAESAR SEVERVS | Executed |
| June 218 to 222 | Elagabalus Emesa, Syria |
_-_Musei_capitolini_-_Foto_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto_-_15-08-2000_.jpg)
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VARIVS AVITVS BASSIANVS MARCVS AVRELIVS ANTONINVS ELAGABALVS |
IMPERATOR MARCVS AVRELIVS ANTONINVS PIVS FELIX AVGVSTVS PROCONSVL | July 218: Pater Patriae, Pontifex Maximus; 220: Sacerdos Amplissimus Dei Invicti Solis Elagabali Assassinated |
| 13 March 222 to ?March 235 | Alexander Severus Arca Caesarea, Iudaea |
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BASSIANVS ALEXIANVS | IMPERATOR CAESAR MARCVS AVRELIVS SEVERVS ALEXANDER PIVS FELIX AVGVSTVS | Pontifex Maximus Assassinated |
أزمة القرن الثالث
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أباطرة أوج الأزمة
| پورتريه | الاسم | الميلاد | التعاقب | الحكم | الوفاة | طول العهد |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Maximinus I CAESAR GAIVS IVLIVS VERVS MAXIMINVS AVGVSTVS |
ح. 173 م، تراقيا أو موئسيا | Proclaimed emperor by German legions after the murder of Severus Alexander | March 20, 235 AD – June 238 AD | June 238 AD Assassinated by Praetorian Guard |
3 years, 3 months |
|
Gordian I CAESAR MARCVS ANTONIVS GORDIANVS SEMPRONIANVS AFRICANVS AVGVSTVS |
c. 159 AD, Phrygia? | Proclaimed emperor, whilst Pro-consul in Africa, during a revolt against Maximinus. Ruled jointly with his son Gordian II, and in opposition to Maximinus. Technically a usurper, but retrospectively legitimised by the accession of Gordian III | March 22, 238 AD – April 12, 238 AD | April 238 AD Committed suicide upon hearing of the death of Gordian II. |
21 days |
|
Gordian II CAESAR MARCVS ANTONIVS GORDIANVS SEMPRONIANVS ROMANVS AFRICANVS AVGVSTVS |
c. 192 AD, ? | Proclaimed emperor, alongside father Gordian I, in opposition to Maximinus by act of the Senate. | March 22, 238 AD – April 12, 238 AD | April 238 AD Killed during the Battle of Carthage, fighting a pro-Maximinus army |
21 days |
|
Pupienus CAESAR MARCVS CLODIVS PVPIENVS MAXIMVS AVGVSTVS |
c. 178 AD, ? | Proclaimed joint emperor with Balbinus by the Senate in opposition to Maximinus; later co-emperor with Balbinus. | April 22, 238 AD – July 29, 238 AD | July 29, 238 AD Assassinated by the Praetorian Guard |
3 months and 7 days |
|
Balbinus CAESAR DECIMVS CAELIVS CALVINVS BALBINVS PIVS AVGVSTVS |
? | Proclaimed joint emperor with Pupienus by the Senate after death of Gordian I and II, in opposition to Maximinus; later co-emperor with Pupienus and Gordian III | April 22, 238 AD – July 29, 238 AD | July 29, 238 AD Assassinated by Praetorian Guard |
3 months and 7 days |
|
Gordian III CAESAR MARCVS ANTONIVS GORDIANVS AVGVSTVS |
January 20, 225 AD, Rome | Proclaimed emperor by supporters of Gordian I and II, then by the Senate; joint emperor with Pupienus and Balbinus until July 238 AD. Grandson of Gordian I | April 22, 238 AD – February 11, 244 AD | February 11, 244 AD Unknown; possibly murdered on orders of Philip I |
5 years, 9 months and 20 days |
|
Philip I CAESAR MARCVS IVLIVS PHILIPPVS AVGVSTVS with Philip II |
c. 204 AD, Shahba, Syria | Praetorian Prefect to Gordian III, took power after his death; made his son Philip II co-emperor in summer 247 AD | February 244 AD – September/October 249 AD | September/October 249 AD Killed in battle against Trajan Decius, near Verona |
5 years |
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Trajan Decius CAESAR GAIVS MESSIVS QVINTVS TRAIANVS DECIVS AVGVSTVS with Herennius Etruscus |
c. 201 AD, Budalia, Pannonia Inferior | Governor under Philip I; proclaimed emperor by Danubian legions and defeated Philip in battle; made his son Herennius Etruscus co-emperor in early 251 AD | September/ October 249 AD – June 251 AD | June 251 AD Both killed in the Battle of Abrittus fighting against the Goths |
2 years |
|
Hostilian CAESAR CAIVS VALENS HOSTILIANVS MESSIVS QVINTVS AVGVSTVS |
Sirmium | Son of Trajan Decius, accepted as heir by the Senate | June 251 AD – late 251 AD | September/October 251 AD Natural causes (plague) |
4–5 months |
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Trebonianus Gallus CAESAR GAIVS VIBIVS TREBONIANVS GALLVS AVGVSTVS with Volusianus |
206 AD, Italia | Governor of Moesia Superior, proclaimed emperor by Danubian legions after Trajan Decius's death (and in opposition to Hostilian); made his son Volusianus co-emperor in late 251 AD. | June 251 AD – August 253 AD | August 253 AD Assassinated by their own troops, in favour of Aemilian |
2 years |
|
Aemilian CAESAR MARCVS AEMILIVS AEMILIANVS AVGVSTVS |
c. 207 AD Africa | Governor of Moesia Superior, proclaimed emperor by Danubian legions after defeating the Goths; accepted as emperor after death of Gallus | August 253 AD – October 253 AD | September/October 253 AD Assassinated by his own troops, in favour of Valerian |
2 months |
|
Valerian CAESAR PVBLIVS LICINIVS VALERIANVS AVGVSTVS |
c. 195 AD | Governor of Noricum and Raetia, proclaimed emperor by Rhine legions after death of Gallus; accepted as emperor after death of Aemilian | October 253 AD – 260 AD | After 260 AD Captured in Battle of Edessa against Persians, died in captivity |
7 years |
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Gallienus CAESAR PVBLIVS LICINIVS EGNATIVS GALLIENVS AVGVSTVS with Saloninus |
218 AD | Son of Valerian, made co-emperor in 253 AD; his son Saloninus is very briefly co-emperor in c. July 260 before assassination by Postumus. | October 253 AD – September 268 AD | September 268 AD Murdered at Aquileia by his own commanders. |
15 years |
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Claudius Gothicus CAESAR MARCVS AVRELIVS CLAVDIVS AVGVSTVS |
May 10, 213 AD/214 AD, Sirmium | Victorious general at Battle of Naissus, seized power after Gallienus's death | September 268 AD – January 270 AD | January 270 AD Natural causes (plague) |
1 year, 4 months |
|
Quintillus CAESAR MARCVS AVRELIVS CLAVDIVS QVINTILLVS AVGVSTVS |
?, Sirmium | Brother of Claudius Gothicus, seized power after his death | January 270 AD – 270 AD | 270 AD Unclear; possibly suicide or murder |
Unknown |
|
Aurelian CAESAR LVCIVS DOMITIVS AVRELIANVS AVGVSTVS |
September 9, 214 AD/215 AD, Sirmium | Proclaimed emperor by Danubian legions after Claudius II's death, in opposition to Quintillus | September(?) 270 AD – September 275 AD | September 275 AD Assassinated by Praetorian Guard |
5 years |
|
Tacitus CAESAR MARCVS CLAVDIVS TACITVS AVGVSTVS |
c. 200, Interamna Nahars, Italia | Elected by the Senate to replace Aurelian, after a short interregnum | September 25, 275 AD – June 276 AD | June 276 AD Natural causes (possibly assassinated) |
9 months |
|
Florian CAESAR MARCVS ANNIVS FLORIANVS AVGVSTVS |
? | Brother of Tacitus, elected by the army in the west to replace him | June 276 AD – September? 276 AD | September? 276 AD Assassinated by his own troops, in favour of Probus |
3 months |
|
Probus CAESAR MARCVS AVRELIVS PROBVS AVGVSTVS |
232 AD, Sirmium | Governor of the eastern provinces, proclaimed emperor by Danubian legions in opposition to Florian | September? 276 AD – September/ October 282 AD | September/ October 282 AD Assassinated by his own troops, in favour of Carus |
6 years |
|
Carus CAESAR MARCVS AVRELIVS CARVS AVGVSTVS |
c. 230 AD, Narbo, Gallia Narbonensis | Praetorian Prefect to Probus; seized power either before or after Probus was murdered | September/ October 282 AD – late July/ early August 283 AD | Late July/early August 283 AD Natural causes? (Possibly killed by lightning) |
10–11 months |
|
Numerian CAESAR MARCVS AVRELIVS NVMERIVS NVMERIANVS AVGVSTVS |
? | Son of Carus, succeeded him jointly with his brother Carinus | Late July/early August 283 AD – 284 AD? | 284 AD Unclear; possibly assassinated |
1 year |
|
Carinus CAESAR MARCVS AVRELIVS CARINVS AVGVSTVS |
? | Son of Carus, succeeded him jointly with his brother Numerian | Late July/early August 283 AD – 285 AD | 285 AD Died in battle against Diocletian? |
2 years |
الامبراطورية الغالية (260-274)
| حكم | الاسم الشائع ومحل الميلاد | پورتريه | الاسم الشخصي واللقب عند المولد/ عند إعتلاء العرش |
الاسم الإمبراطوري | ملاحظات |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 260 to 269 | Postumus Gaul |
|
MARCVS CASSIANIVS LATINIVS POSTVMVS | Postumus|IMPERATOR CAESAR MARCVS CASSIANVS LATINIVS POSTVMVS PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS | Murdered |
| 269 | Laelianus possibly Hispania |
|
VLPIVS CORNELIVS LAELIANVS | IMPERATOR CAESAR GAIVS VLPIVS CORNELIVS LAELIANVS PIVS FELIX AVGVSTVS | Proclaimed himself emperor of the Gallic Empire |
| 269 | Marius ? |
|
MARCVS AVRELIVS MARIVS | IMPERATOR CAESAR MARCVS AVRELIVS MARIVS PIVS FELIX AVGVSTVS | Murdered |
| 269 to 271 | Victorinus ? |
|
MARCVS PIAVONIVS VICTORINVS | IMPERATOR CAESAR MARCVS PIAVONIVS VICTORINVS PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS | Murdered |
| 270 to 271 | Domitianus ? |
IMPERATOR CAESAR DOMITIANVS PIVS FELIX AVGVSTVS | Proclaimed emperor of the Gallic Empire | ||
| 271 to 274 | Tetricus I ? |
|
CAIVS PIVS ESVVIVS TETRICVS | IMPERATOR CAESAR GAIVS PIVS ESVVIVS TETRICVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS |
الأباطرة الإليريون
| حكم | الاسم الشائع ومحل الميلاد | پورتريه | الاسم الشخصي واللقب عند المولد/ عند إعتلاء العرش |
الاسم الإمبراطوري | ملاحظات |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 268 إلى أغسطس 270 | كلوديوس الثاني گوثيكس Sirmium, Pannonia or Dardania, Moesia |
|
MARCVS AVRELIVS VALERIVS CLAVDIVS | IMPERATOR CAESAR MARCVS AVRELIVS CLAVDIVS PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS | Died of plague |
| أغسطس 270 إلى سبتمبر 270 | كوينتلوس صربيا - صرميوم, پانونيا أو دردانيا, موسيا |
|
MARCVS AVRELIVS QVINTILLVS | IMPERATOR CAESAR MARCVS AVRELIVS CLAVDIVS QVINTILLVS INVICTVS PIVS FELIX AVGVSTVS | لفترة قصيرة امبراطور-مشارك مع أورليان; انتحر |
| August 270 to 275 | أورليان داتشيا أو ربما صرميوم, پانونيا |
|
LVCIVS DOMITIVS AVRELIANVS | IMPERATOR CAESAR LVCIVS DOMITIVS AVRELIANVS PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS | اغتاله الحرس الپرتوري |
| 271 | سپتيميوس ? |
اُعلِن امبراطوراً في دلماتيا; وقتله جنوده | |||
| نوفمبر/ديسمبر 275 إلى يوليو 276 | تاكيتوس إنترامنا, إيتاليا |
|
MARCVS CLAVDIVS TACITVS | IMPERATOR CAESAR MARCVS CLAVDIVS TACITVS PIVS FELIX AVGVSTVS | Murdered |
| July 276 to September 276 | فلوريانوس ? |
|
MARCVS ANNIVS FLORIANVS PIVS | IMPERATOR CAESAR MARCVS ANNIVS FLORIANVS PIVS FELIX AVGVSTVS | Murdered |
| يوليو 276 إلى أواخر سبتمبر 282 | Probus صرميوم, پانونيا |
|
MARCVS AVRELIVS EQVITIVS PROBVS | IMPERATOR CAESAR MARCVS AVRELIVS PROBVS PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS | Murdered by his own soldiers |
| 280 | Saturninus Gaul |
IVLIVS SATVRNINVS | Claimant: forced by his soldiers; proclaimed himself emperor; killed by his soldiers | ||
| 280 | پروكولوس ألبنگونم, إيتاليا |
Claimant: acceding to the request of the people of Lugdunum; killed by Probus | |||
| 280 | Bonosus Hispania |
GALLVS QVINTVS BONOSVS | Proclaimed himself emperor; defeated by Probus and committed suicide | ||
| September 282 to July/August 283 | Carus probably Narbo, Gaul |
|
MARCVS AVRELIVS NVMERIVS CARVS | IMPERATOR CAESAR MARCVS AVRELIVS CARVS PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS | Uncertain cause of death; disease, lightning injury, a wound received in battle against the Huns and murder by the Praetorian Guard have all been suggested |
| spring 283 to summer 285 | Carinus ? |
|
MARCVS AVRELIVS CARINVS | IMPERATOR CAESAR MARCVS AVRELIVS CARINVS PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS | Co-emperor with Numerian; Murdered |
| July/August 283 to November 284 | Numerian ? |
|
MARCVS AVRELIVS NVMERIVS NVMERIANVS | IMPERATOR CAESAR MARCVS AVRELIVS NVMERIANVS PIVS FELIX AVGVSTVS | Co-emperor with Carinus |
Dominate
الحكم الرباعي والأسرة القنسطنطينية
| حكم | الاسم الشائع ومحل الميلاد | پورتريه | الاسم الشخصي واللقب عند المولد/ عند إعتلاء العرش |
الاسم الإمبراطوري | ملاحظات |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 20 November 284 to 1 May 305 | Diocletian Dioclea, Dalmatia |
|
DIOCLES (full name not known) GAIVS AVRELIVS VALERIVS DIOCLETIANVS IOVIVS |
IMPERATOR CAESAR GAIVS AVRELIVS VALERIVS DIOCLETIANVS PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS PONTIFEX MAXIMVS PATER PATRIAE PROCONSVL | Co-emperor with Maximian; 285: Germanicus Maximus, Sarmaticus Maximus; 286: Iovius; 287: Germanicus Maximus; 295: Persicus Maximus; 297: Britannicus Maximus, Carpicus Maximus; 298: Armenicus Maximus, Medicus Maximus, Adiabenicus Maximus Abdicated |
| 1 April 286 to 1 May 305 | Maximian Serbia - near Sirmium, Pannonia |
|
MAXIMIANVS (full name not known) MARCVS AVRELIVS VALERIVS MAXIMIANVS HERCVLIVS |
IMPERATOR CAESAR GAIVS AVRELIVS VALERIVS MAXIMIANVS PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS | co-emperor with Diocletian; 286: Germanicus Maximus, Sarmaticus Maximus; 287: Iovius; 288: Germanicus Maximus; 294: Persicus Maximus; 298: Britannicus Maximus, Carpicus Maximus; 299: Armenicus Maximus, Medicus Maximus, Adiabenicus Maximus; Forced to abdicate |
| 1 May 305 to 25 July 306 | Constantius I Chlorus Serbia- Dardania, Moesia |
|
FLAVIVS VALERIVS CONSTANTIVS CHLORVS |
IMPERATOR CAESAR GAIVS FLAVIVS VALERIVS CONSTANTIVS AVGVSTVS | |
| 1 May 305 to May 311 | Galerius Serbia -near Serdica, Dacia Aureliana |
|
CAIVS GALERIVS VALERIVS MAXIMIANVS | IMPERATOR CAESAR GALERIVS VALERIVS MAXIMIANVS PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS | co-emperor with Severus II |
| August 306 to 16 September 307 | Severus II ? |
|
FLAVIVS VALERIVS SEVERVS | IMPERATOR SEVERVS PIVS FELIX AVGVSTVS | co-emperor with Galerius |
| 28 October 306 to 28 اكتوبر 312 | Maxentius ? |
|
MARCVS AVRELIVS VALERIVS MAXENTIVS | MARCVS AVRELIVS VALERIVS MAXENTIVS PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS | Drowned in the Tiber |
| 307 إلى 308 | Maximian near Sirmium, Pannonia |
|
MAXIMIANVS (full name not known) MARCVS AVRELIVS VALERIVS MAXIMIANVS HERCVLIVS |
IMPERATOR CAESAR GAIVS AVRELIVS VALERIVS MAXIMIANVS PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS PONTIFEX MAXIMVS HERCVLIVS GERMANICVS MAXIMVS SARMATICVS MAXIMVS IOVIVS GERMANICVS MAXIMVS PERSICVS MAXIMVS BRITANNICVS MAXIMVS CARPICVS MAXIMVS ARMENICVS MAXIMVS MEDICVS MAXIMVS ADIABENICVS MAXIMVS | Abdicated |
| 307 to 22 May 337 | Constantine I Serbia - Naissus, Moesia Superior |
|
GAIVS FLAVIVS VALERIVS CONSTANTINVS | IMPERATOR CAESAR FLAVIVS CONSTANTINVS PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS PONTIFEX MAXIMVS PATER PATRIAE PROCONSVL | 307: Germanicus Maximus; 312: Maximus; 323: Sarmaticus Maximus; 324: Victor substituting Invictus; 328: Gothicus Maximus; 336:Dacicus Maximus |
| 308 | Domitius Alexander probably Phrygia |
|
LVCIVS DOMITIVS ALEXANDER | Proclaimed himself emperor | |
| 11 November 308 to 18 September 324 | Licinius Serbia - Moesia Superior |
|
VALERIVS LICINIANVS LICINIVS | IMPERATOR CAESAR GAIVS VALERIVS LICINIVS PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS | Co-emperor; abdicated; (executed early 325) |
| 1 May 310 to July/August 313 | Maximinus Daia Dacia Aureliana |
|
DAIA MAXIMINVS GAIVS GALERIVS VALERIVS |
IMPERATOR CAESAR GALERIVS VALERIVS MAXIMINVS PIVS FELIX AVGVSTVS | Co-emperor; committed suicide |
| December 316 to 1 March 317 | Valerius Valens ? |
AVRELIVS VALERIVS VALENS | IMPERATOR CAESAR AVRELIVS VALERIVS VALENS PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS | Co-emperor with Licinius; executed by Constantine I | |
| July to 18 September 324 | Martinianus ? |
|
SEXTVS MARCIVS MARTINIANVS | IMPERATOR CAESAR SEXTVS MARCIVS MARTINIANVS PIVS FELIX INVICTVS AVGVSTVS | Co-emperor with Licinius; executed early 325 |
| 337 to 340 | Constantine II Arles, Gaul |
|
FLAVIVS CLAVDIVS CONSTANTINVS | IMPERATOR CAESAR FLAVIVS VALERIVS CONSTANTINVS AVGVSTVS | Co-emperor; killed in battle |
| 337 to 361 | Constantius II Sirmium, Pannonia |
|
FLAVIVS IVLIVS CONSTANTIVS | IMPERATOR CAESAR FLAVIVS IVLIVS CONSTANTIVS AVGVSTVS | Co-emperor |
| 337 to 350 | Constans ? |
|
FLAVIVS IVLIVS CONSTANS | Constans|IMPERATOR CAESAR FLAVIVS IVLIVS CONSTANS AVGVSTVS | Co-emperor; killed by Magnentius |
| January 350 to 11 August 353 | Magnentius Samarobriva, Gaul |
|
FLAVIVS MAGNVS MAGNENTIVS | IMPERATOR CAESAR FLAVIVS MAGNVS MAGENTIVS AVGVSTVS | Usurper; committed suicide |
| c. 350 | Vetranio ? |
|
not known | Proclaimed himself emperor against Magnentius, recognized by Constantius II. | |
| c. 350 | Nepotianus ? |
|
Proclaimed himself emperor against Magnentius. | ||
| November 361 to June 363 | Julian Constantinople, Thracia |
|
FLAVIVS CLAVDIVS IVLIANVS | Julian the Apostate|IMPERATOR CAESAR FLAVIVS CLAVDIVS IVLIANVS AVGVSTVS | Killed in battle |
| 363 to 17 February 364 | Jovian Serbia - Singidunum, Moesia |
|
FLAVIVS IOVIANVS | IMPERATOR CAESAR FLAVIVS IOVIANVS AVGVSTVS | Died accidentally |
الامبراطورية البريتانية (286-297)
| حكم | الاسم الشائع ومحل الميلاد | پورتريه | الاسم الشخصي واللقب عند المولد/ عند إعتلاء العرش |
الاسم الإمبراطوري | ملاحظات |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 286 to 293 | Carausius Gallia Belgica |
|
MARCVS AVRELIVS MAVSAEVS | IMPERATOR CAESAR CARAVSIVS PIVS FELIX AVGVSTVS | |
| 293 to 297 | Allectus ? |
|
not known | IMPERATOR CAESAR ALLECTVS PIVS FELIX AVGVSTVS |
الأسرة الڤالنتينية
| حكم | الاسم الشائع ومحل الميلاد | پورتريه | الاسم الشخصي واللقب عند المولد/ عند إعتلاء العرش |
الاسم الإمبراطوري | ملاحظات |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 26 February 364 to 17 November 375 | Valentinian I Cibalae, Pannonia |
|
FLAVIVS VALENTINIANVS | IMPERATOR CAESAR FLAVIVS VALENTINIANVS PIVS FELIX AVGVSTVS | Emperor in the west. |
| 28 March 364 to 9 August 378 | Valens Cibalae, Pannonia |
|
FLAVIVS IVLIVS VALENS | IMPERATOR CAESAR FLAVIVS IVLIVS VALENS PIVS FELIX AVGVSTVS | Emperor in the east. Killed in battle |
| September 365 to 27 May 366 | Procopius Cilicia |
|
Usurper; executed by Valens | ||
| 24 August 367 to 383 | Gratian Sirmium, Pannonia |
|
FLAVIVS GRATIANVS | IMPERATOR CAESAR FLAVIVS GRATIANVS PIVS FELIX AVGVSTVS | Assassinated |
| 375 to 392 | Valentinian II Milan, Italia |
|
FLAVIVS VALENTINIANVS | IMPERATOR CAESAR FLAVIVS VALENTINIANVS PIVS FELIX AVGVSTVS | Deposed; died in suspicious circumstances |
| 383 to 388 | Magnus Maximus Hispania |
|
MAGNVS MAXIMVS | Usurper in the west; once recognised by Theodosius I, then deposed and executed | |
| c.386 to 388 | Flavius Victor ? |
|
FLAVIVS VICTOR | Son of Magnus Maximus, murdered on order of Theodosius I | |
| 392 to 394 | Eugenius ? |
|
FLAVIVS EVGENIVS | Usurper in the west; killed in battle |
الأسرة الثيودوسية
| حكم | الاسم الشائع ومحل الميلاد | پورتريه | الاسم الشخصي واللقب عند المولد/ عند إعتلاء العرش |
الاسم الإمبراطوري | ملاحظات |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 379 to 17 January 395 | Theodosius I Cauca, Hispania |
|
FLAVIVS THEODOSIVS | IMPERATOR CAESAR FLAVIVS THEODOSIVS PIVS FELIX AVGVSTVS | Co-emperor; emperor in the east from 379 |
| 383 to January 395 | Arcadius ? |
|
FLAVIVS ARCADIVS | IMPERATOR CAESAR FLAVIVS ARCADIVS PIVS FELIX AVGVSTVS | Becoming Emperor in the East January 395 |
| 23 January 393 to 395 | Honorius ? |
|
FLAVIVS HONORIVS | IMPERATOR CAESAR FLAVIVS HONORIVS PIVS FELIX AVGVSTVS | Becoming Emperor in the West |
الامبراطورية الغربية
| حكم | الاسم الشائع ومحل الميلاد | پورتريه | الاسم الشخصي واللقب عند المولد/ عند إعتلاء العرش |
الاسم الإمبراطوري | ملاحظات |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 395 to 15 August 423 | Honorius ? |
|
FLAVIVS HONORIVS | IMPERATOR CAESAR FLAVIVS HONORIVS PIVS FELIX AVGVSTVS | Co-emperor with Constantius III (421) |
| 407 to 411 | Constantine III ? |
|
FLAVIVS CLAVDIVS CONSTANTINVS | Claimant | |
| 409 to 411 | Constans II ? |
|
Claimant, co-ruler with Constantine III | ||
| 409 to 411 | Maximus Hispania |
Claimant, ruling on Hispania | |||
| 409 to 410 | Priscus Attalus ? |
|
IMPERATOR CAESAR PRISCVS ATTALVS PIVS FELIX AVGVSTVS | Proclaimed emperor by the Visigoths | |
| 411 to 413 | Jovinus Gaul |
|
Claimant | ||
| 412 to 413 | Sebastianus Gaul |
|
Claimant, co-ruler with Jovinus | ||
| 414 to 415 | Priscus Attalus ? |
|
IMPERATOR CAESAR PRISCVS ATTALVS PIVS FELIX AVGVSTVS | Proclaimed emperor by the Visigoths | |
| 421 | Constantius III Serbia - Naissus, Moesia Superior |
|
FLAVIVS CONSTANTIVS | Co-emperor with Honorius | |
| 423 to 425 | Joannes ? |
|
IOHANNES | Claimant | |
| 425 to 16 March 455 | Valentinian III Ravenna, Italia |
|
FLAVIVS PLACIDVS VALENTINIANVS | ||
| 17 March 455 to 31 May 455 | Petronius Maximus ? |
|
FLAVIVS PETRONIVS MAXIMVS | ||
| June 455 to 17 October 456 | Avitus ? |
|
MARCVS MAECILIVS FLAVIVS EPARCHIVS AVITVS | ||
| 457 to 2 August 461 | Majorian ? |
|
IVLIVS VALERIVS MAIORIANVS | Abdicated | |
| 461 to 465 | Libius Severus Lucania, Italia |
|
LIBIVS SEVERVS | ||
| 12 April 467 to 11 July 472 | Anthemius ? |
|
PROCOPIVS ANTHEMIVS | Executed | |
| July 472 to 2 November 472 | Olybrius ? |
|
ANICIVS OLYBRIVS | ||
| 5 March 473 to June 474 | Glycerius ? |
Abdicated | |||
| June 474 to 25 April 480 | Julius Nepos ? |
|
Emperor in the West until 475, deposed by Orestes; fled; From 476 recognised by Odoacer; murdered 480 | ||
| 31 October 475 to 4 September 476 | Romulus Augustus Romulus Augustulus ? |
|
FLAVIVS ROMVLVS ROMVLVS AVGVSTVS |
Deposed by Odoacer; fate unknown. |
الامبراطورية الشرقية إلى 565
| حكم | الاسم الشائع ومحل الميلاد | پورتريه | الاسم الشخصي واللقب عند المولد/ عند إعتلاء العرش |
الاسم الإمبراطوري | ملاحظات |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 395 to 1 May 408 | Arcadius ? |
FLAVIVS ARCADIVS | |||
| 408 to 28 يوليو 450 | Theodosius II ? |
|
FLAVIVS THEODOSIVS | ||
| 450 to 457 | Marcian Thrace or Illyria |
|
FLAVIVS MARCIANIVS | ||
| 457 to 474 | Leo I ? |
|
FLAVIVS VALERIVS LEO | ||
| 474 to 474 | Leo II ? |
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|
TARASICODISSEVS | IMPERATOR CAESAR FLAVIVS LEO AVGVSTVS | |
| 474 to 475 and 476 (restoration) to 491 | Zeno Isauria, Cilicia |
|
IMPERATOR CAESAR FLAVIVS ZENO AVGVSTVS | ||
| 475 to 476 | Basiliscus ? |
|
FLAVIVS BASILISCVS | ||
| 491 to 518 | Anastasius Dyrrhachium |
|
IMPERATOR CAESAR FLAVIVS ANASTASIVS AVGVSTVS | ||
| 518 to 527 | Justin I ? |
|
IMPERATOR CAESAR FLAVIVS IVSTINVS AVGVSTVS | ||
| 527 to 565 | Justinian Serbia -Tauresium |
|
FLAVIVS PETRVS SABBATIVS | IMPERATOR CAESAR FLAVIVS IVSTINIANVS AVGVSTVS | Re-conquered large parts of the Western Empire |
أنظر أيضا
- الإمبراطورية الرومانية
- الحضارة الرومانية
- الإمبراطورية الرومانية الغربية
- الإمبراطورية الرومانية الشرقية
- الجمهورية الرومانية
وصلات خارجية
مشاع المعرفة فيه ميديا متعلقة بموضوع Roman Emperors.
- There are good biographies of most of the Roman Emperors in De Imperatoribus Romanis.
- List of the Roman Emperors 27 BC - 395 AD
- Portraits and fact files
المصادر
- Chris Scarre, Chronicle of the Roman Emperors, Thames & Hudson, 1995, Reprinted 2001, ISBN 0-500-05077-5
- Tacitus, The Annals of Imperial Rome, Penguin Classics, Michael Grant Publications Ltd, 1971, Reprinted 1985, ISBN 0-14-044060-7
- Martha Ross, Rulers and Governments of the World, Vol.1 Earliest Times to 1491, Bowker, 1978, ISBN 0-85935-021-5
- Clive Carpenter, The Guinness Book of Kings Rulers & Statesmen, Guinness Superlatives Ltd, 1978, ISBN 0-900424-46-X
- R.F.Tapsell, Monarchs Rulers Dynasties and Kingdoms of The World, Thames & Hudson, 1981, Reprinted 1987, ISBN 0-500-27337-5
الكلمات الدالة: